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Exam 3 Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acromegaly

A

enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities

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2
Q

Addison Disease

A

results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocorticol hormones

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3
Q

Adenoma

A

tumor of a gland

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4
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

surgical excision of a gland

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5
Q

Adrenocorticotropin Hormone

A

stimulates growth and development of the adrenal cortex

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6
Q

Androgen

A

a steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics

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7
Q

Calcitonin

A

influences bone and calcium metabolism and helps maintain plasma calcium homeostasis

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8
Q

Cortisol

A

regulates protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism; needed for gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

Cortisone

A

glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; used an an anti-inflammatory agent

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10
Q

Cushing Disease

A

results from the hyper-secretion of cortisol

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11
Q

Dopamine

A

is a naturally occurring sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter

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12
Q

Dwarfism

A

condition of being abnormally small

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13
Q

Endemic Goiter

A

an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by the deficiency of iodine in the diet

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14
Q

Epinephrine

A

acts as a vasoconstrictor/ vasopressor/ cardiac stimulant

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15
Q

Estrogen

A

natural female sex hormone secreted by the ovarian follicles

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16
Q

Fasting blood sugar

A

test performed on blood to determine the level of sugar in the bloodstream

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17
Q

Gastrin

A

stimulates gastric acid secretion

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18
Q

Glucagon

A

a hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver

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19
Q

Graves’ Disease

A

an autoimmune disease in which the antibodies produced by the immune system stimulate the thyroid to produce too much thyroxine

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20
Q

Hiruitism

A

abnormal condition characterized by excessive growth of hair, especially as occurring in women

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21
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

pathological condition of excessive amounts of calcium in the blood

22
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

pathological condition of excessive amounts of sugar in the blood

23
Q

Hypergonadism

A

condition in which your gonads overproduce hormones

24
Q

Hyperinsulinism

A

condition of the excessive amounts of insulin in the blood; causing low blood sugar

25
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

condition of excessive amounts of potassium in the blood

26
Q

Hypogonadism

A

condition caused by deficient internal secretion of the gonads

27
Q

Hypophysis

A

literally means any undergrowth

28
Q

Hypothalamus

A

serves as the principal regulator of autonomic nervous activity that is associated with behavior and depression

29
Q

Insulin

A

hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of the pancreas

30
Q

Lethargic

A

pertaining to drowsiness; sluggish

31
Q

Melatonin

A

a peptide hormone that influences sleep-wake cycles

32
Q

Myxedema

A

condition of muscle swelling

33
Q

Nocturia

A

urination during the night

34
Q

Norepinephrine

A

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that acts as a neurotransmitter

35
Q

Parathyroid

A

plays a role in maintenance of normal serum calcium level and in the metabolism of phosphorus

36
Q

Pineal Gland

A

secretes melatonin and serotonin

37
Q

Pituitarism

A

any condition of the pituitary gland

38
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

small grey gland located at the base of the brain

39
Q

Polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

40
Q

Progeria

A

pathological condition of premature old age occurring in childhood

41
Q

Progesterone

A

female sex hormone produced by the ovaries

42
Q

Serotonin

A

stimulates neurotransmitters, smooth muscle, and vasocontrictor

43
Q

Somatotropin

A

promotes growth and development of bones, muscle, and other organs

44
Q

Thymitis

A

inflammation of the thymus gland

45
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

surgical excision of the thyroid gland

46
Q

Thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

47
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

poisonous condition of the thyroid gland

48
Q

Thyroxine

A

hormone produced by the thyroid gland

49
Q

Vasopressin

A

hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

50
Q

Virialism

A

pathological condition in which secondary male characteristics, such as growth of hair on the face and/or body and deepening of the voice are produced in a female

Exam 3 Medical Terminology (4 decks)

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