Chapter 11: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What kind of neurons does the somatic nervous system contain?

Answer 1

sensory and motor neurons

Question 2

What do the somatic neurons receive input from?

Answer 2

receptors of the special and somatic senses.

Question 3

Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle to produce what?

Answer 3

conscious, voluntary movements

Question 4

What is that effect of a motor neuron?

Answer 4

always Excitation.

Question 5

What kind of neurons does the automatic nervous system contain? (ANS)

Answer 5

both autonomic sensory and motor neurons.

Question 6

The automatic nervous system receives sensory input from what?

Answer 6

somatic senses and special sensory neurons.

Question 7

What do the automatic nervous system regulate?

Answer 7

visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or decreasing (inhibiting) the ongoing activities of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and the glands.

Question 8

All autonomic motor pathways consist of two motor neurons in a series. Explain what happens.

Answer 8

1. The axon on the 1st motor neuron of the ANS extends from the central nervous system (CNS) and synapses with the 2nd motor neuron in the ganglion.
2. The 2nd neuron synapses with an effector.

Question 9

What do preganglionic fibers release?

Answer 9

acetylcholine

Question 10

What do postganglioic fibers release?

Answer 10

acetylcholine or norepinephrine

Question 11

The output (efferent) component of the ANS is divided into what 2 principal parts?

Answer 11

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions

Question 12

Organs that receive impulses from both Sympathetic and Parasympathetic fibers are said to have ___________.

Answer 12

Dual innervation

Question 13

The autonomic pathways consist of what 3 linked neurons?

Answer 13

1. Preganglionic neurons (myelinated)
2. Autonomic gangion ( a collection of nerve cell bodies)
3. Postganglionic neurons (unmyelinated)

Question 14

The motor (output) side of the autonomic system consists of what 2 divisions?

Answer 14

1. Sympathetic division

2. Parasympathetic division

Question 15

Autonomic neurons are classified on the basis of the neurotransmitter they release. What are the 2 types of neurons, what do they release and what are their effect?

Answer 15

1. Chloinergic
   - releases acetycholine
   - effects are short-lived and localized
2. Andrenergic
   - releases norepinephrine
   - effects are long-lasting and widespread

Question 16

What is the sympathetic response?

Answer 16

‘fight or flight’

Question 17

What is the parasympathetic response?

Answer 17

‘rest and digest’