Chapter 11 - Lecture Flashcards
What was gasoline initially considered in the oil refining process?
A) A valuable resource for industrial use.
B) A by-product with limited utility, often discarded.
C) A critical component for kerosene production.
D) A stable and safe fuel for engines.
B) A by-product with limited utility, often discarded.
How did the internal combustion engine transform the role of gasoline?
A) It became a strategic reserve for emergencies.
B) It replaced coal as the primary source of heat.
C) It created a new market for gasoline as a necessary fuel.
D) It increased kerosene production in refineries.
C) It created a new market for gasoline as a necessary fuel.
How did William Knox D’Arcy contribute to the oil industry?
A) He invented the internal combustion engine.
B) He founded Standard Oil in the United States.
C) He developed the oil industry in Persia, founding British Petroleum.
D) He organized the 1953 Iranian coup.
C) He developed the oil industry in Persia, founding British Petroleum.
What was John D. Rockefeller’s major accomplishment in the oil industry?
A) Introducing gasoline-powered engines to agriculture.
B) Founding Standard Oil, which dominated global refining capacity.
C) Leading the development of British Petroleum.
D) Organizing OPEC to control oil prices.
B) Founding Standard Oil, which dominated global refining capacity.
How did gasoline contribute to societal shifts in the 20th century?
A) It eliminated the need for highways.
B) It enabled suburban expansion and required gas station networks.
C) It reduced the environmental impact of industrial development.
D) It replaced steam engines in agriculture and industry.
B) It enabled suburban expansion and required gas station networks.
Which innovation made cars accessible to a broader population?
A) The invention of the internal combustion engine.
B) The launch of Henry Ford’s Model T.
C) The development of steam-powered tractors.
D) The adoption of kerosene for lighting.
B) The launch of Henry Ford’s Model T.
Why did the CIA and the U.K. orchestrate a coup in Iran in 1953?
A) To establish OPEC as an international oil cartel.
B) To gain control over Iranian oil resources during the Cold War.
C) To eliminate competition from Soviet oil companies.
D) To introduce American oil technologies to the Middle East.
B) To gain control over Iranian oil resources during the Cold War.
What was the primary purpose of forming OPEC in the 1960s?
A) To invest in renewable energy research.
B) To control global oil prices and supply through a cartel.
C) To standardize refining technologies across member countries.
D) To eliminate Western influence in the oil market.
B) To control global oil prices and supply through a cartel.
What caused the 1973 oil embargo by OPEC?
A) A decision to reduce reliance on Middle Eastern oil.
B) A response to the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War.
C) A need to increase global oil production.
D) A plan to align with Soviet energy policies.
B) A response to the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War.
What environmental challenges are associated with the oil and gas industry?
A) Exclusive reliance on renewable energy sources.
B) Land disputes over pipeline construction, including with Indigenous communities.
C) The elimination of gasoline as a by-product.
D) Strict international bans on refinery operations.
B) Land disputes over pipeline construction, including with Indigenous communities.
Why did Pierre Trudeau create Petro-Canada in the 1970s?
A) To privatize Canada’s oil industry.
B) To establish a government-owned “window on the industry.”
C) To transition Canada away from fossil fuels.
D) To consolidate all Canadian oil companies into one entity.
B) To establish a government-owned “window on the industry.”
What led to the privatization of Petro-Canada?
A) Persistent financial losses and limited government benefit.
B) Increased global demand for Canadian oil.
C) Pressure from OPEC members.
D) Technological advances in renewable energy.
A) Persistent financial losses and limited government benefit.
How did the adoption of gasoline-powered tractors affect agriculture?
A) It reduced dependence on animal labor and increased efficiency.
B) It replaced the use of kerosene engines.
C) It allowed farming to become more sustainable.
D) It eliminated small-scale farming entirely.
Answer: A) It reduced dependence on animal labor and increased efficiency.
A) It reduced dependence on animal labor and increased efficiency.
What was Imperial Oil’s connection to the global oil industry?
A) It was a wholly Canadian innovation.
B) It was initially a branch of Rockefeller’s Standard Oil.
C) It led to the creation of OPEC.
D) It was created to replace Petro-Canada.
B) It was initially a branch of Rockefeller’s Standard Oil.
