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Biology Module 4 Biodiversity, Evolution And Disease > Chapter 11 Biodiveristy > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Biodiveristy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of different organisms present within an ecosystem

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2
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The area in which an organism lives

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3
Q

What is a community?

A

All the populations of living organisms in a particular habitat

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4
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A

To maintain a balanced ecosystem for all organisms. This is because all organisms depend on one another to survive.

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5
Q

Where does biodiversity increase?

A

Generally, the closer a region is to the equator, the greater biodiversity.

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6
Q

What are the three levels of biodiversity?

A

Habitat biodiversity
Species biodiversity
Genetic biodiversity

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7
Q

What is habitat biodiversity?

A

The number of different habitats found in the same area.

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8
Q

How does species biodiversity change if habitat biodiversity increases?

A

A greater habitat biodiversity means a greater species biodiversity

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9
Q

What are the two components of species biodiversity?

A

Species richness
Species evenness

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10
Q

What is species richness?

A

The number of different species living in a particular area

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11
Q

What is species evenness?

A

A comparison of the number of individuals of each species living within a community.

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12
Q

What is genetic biodiversity?

A

The variety of genes that make up a species

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13
Q

How is a greater genetic biodiversity advantageous?

A

A greater genetic biodiversity within a species allows for better adaption to a changing environment. Therefore, the species are more likely to survive and reproduce.

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14
Q

What is sampling?

A

Taking measurements of a limited number of individual organisms present in a particular area

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15
Q

What do sampling techniques measure?

A

The number of different species in an area, the abundance of a species or characteristics of a species such as size.

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16
Q

What are the two types of sampling?

A

Random and non-random

17
Q

What is random sampling?

A

Selecting individuals by chance so each individual in the population has an equal opportunity of being selected.

18
Q

What is Non-random sampling?

A

The sample is not chosen at random.

19
Q

What are the three techniques of Non-random sampling?

A

Opportunistic
Stratified
Systematic

20
Q

What is opportunistic non-random sampling?

A

Uses organisms that are readily available. This is the weakest form of sampling as it is not representative of the population.

21
Q

What is stratified non-random sampling?

A

Populations are divided into a number of different sub groups (strata) based on a particular characteristic.

22
Q

What is systematic Non-random sampling?

A

Different areas within an overall habitat are identified and sampled separately

23
Q

How is systematic sampling carried out?

A

Using a line transect or belt transect

24
Q

How are line transects used to sample organisms?

A

A line is marked on the ground between two points and samples are taken at specified points, this can include describing all the organisms that touch the line or distances of samples away from the line.

25
Q

How are belt transects used to sample organisms?

A

Two parallel lines are marked and samples are taken of the area between the two lines.

26
Q

Why are samples unreliable?

A

Never 100% representative of the number of organisms present in a habitat. This is due to chance and sampling bias (selection process may be bias).

27
Q

How can sampling bias be reduced?

A

Using random sampling where human involvement in choosing the sample is removed.

28
Q

How can the impact of sampling chance be reduced?

A

Using a large sample size, the greater number of individuals studied the lower the probability that chance will influence the result.

29
Q

What techniques are used to sample animals?

A

Pooter
Sweep nets
Pitfall traps
Tree beating
Kick sampling

30
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

The number of different alleles in a given species

31
Q

How can genetic variation be reduced?

A

Bottleneck effect
Founder effect
Selective breeding

32
Q

What is the bottleneck effect?

A

The population size is reduced due to a chance event such as a natural disaster or disease, therefore reducing the allele frequency in the gene pool

33
Q

What is the founder effect?

A

A few individuals from a population start a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population.

34
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

Selecting individuals with the desired characteristics (and alleles) to breed.
Over generations the population will possess the desired characteristics reducing different allele frequencies.

Biology Module 4 Biodiversity, Evolution And Disease (5 decks)

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