Chapter 10: Solar Energy & Climates

Question 1

What is a open system?

Answer 1

permits energy & matter to cross the system`s boundary.

Question 2

What is a closed system?

Answer 2

permits only energy to cross the system`s boundary.

Question 3

What is a isolated system?

Answer 3

Neither energy nor matter are permitted to cross the system`s boundary.

Question 4

What is the biosphere?

Answer 4

Air, Land & Water

Question 5

What is the atmosphere?

Answer 5

Air

Question 6

What is the lithosphere?

Answer 6

Land

Question 7

What is the hydrosphere?

Answer 7

Water

Question 8

What is the cryosphere?

Answer 8

Within the hydrosphere

Question 9

What is Radiation?

Answer 9

Procedure by which solar energy reaches the Earth.

Question 10

What is the albedo?

Answer 10

Reflectivity of a surface.

Question 11

What is the average global temperature?

Answer 11

14 degrees celsius.

Question 12

What is the angle of inclination?

Answer 12

Angle of the equator with regard to the plane of the Earth`s orbit around the Sun.

Question 13

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

Answer 13

Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 19 of a substances by 1 degrees celsius.

Question 14

What is C?

Answer 14

Specific Heat Capacity

Question 15

What is Q?

Answer 15

Amount of Heat (Heat)

Question 16

What is M?

Answer 16

Mass of a Substance (Mass)

Question 17

What is A (triangle) T?

Answer 17

Given Temperature Cahnge

Question 18

What do you do to find the mass for Thermal Energy Transfer?

Answer 18

m = Heat (Q) / Specific Heat Capacity (c) Temperature Change (∆T)

Question 19

What do you do to find the heat/energy for Thermal Energy transfer?

Answer 19

Q = Mass (m) x Specific Heat Capacity (c) x Temperature Change (∆T)

Question 20

What do you do to find the temperature change for Thermal Energy transfer?

Answer 20

∆T = Heat (Q) / Mass (m) Specific Heat Capacity (c)

Question 21

What do you do to find the Specific Heat Capacity for Thermal Energy Transfer?

Answer 21

c = Heat (Q) / Mass (m) Temperature Change (∆T)

Question 22

What is the formula for heat of fusion? (solid and liquid)

Answer 22

Q = n (# of moles) Hfus (Heat of Fusion)

Question 23

What is the formula for heat of vaporization? (liquid and a gas)

Answer 23

Q (heat) = n (#of moles) Hvap (Heat of Vaporization)

Question 24

What are 3 unique properties of water?

Answer 24

1. High Specific Heat of Water
2. High Heat of Vaporization
3. High Heat of Fusion

Question 25

What is the hydrologic cycle?

Answer 25

Cycle of water on Earth.

Question 26

What is the hydrologic cycle made up?

Answer 26

Condensation, Evaporation, Precipitation

Question 27

What is the El-Nino?

Answer 27

A interruption in the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific. El Nino means in English “the little boy”.

Question 28

What is the La Nina?

Answer 28

“The Little Girl”

Question 29

What does prevailing mean?

Answer 29

It means they happen most of the time.

Question 30

What are westerlies?

Answer 30

Winds that come from the west.

Question 31

What is High Pressure?

Answer 31

When warm air enlarges, it becomes less dense, and it rises from the surface.

Question 32

What is Low Pressure?

Answer 32

When cold air contracts, becomes denser, and descends to the surface.

Question 33

What is the Coriolis Effect?

Answer 33

Tendency of convection currents to move sideways along the surface of the Earth due to Earths rotation on its axis.

Question 34

What is Jet Streams?

Answer 34

Currents of intensely fast-moving air about 10-15 km above Earth`s surface.

Question 35

What is a Sea Breeze?

Answer 35

A current of moving air blowing from an ocean or a large lake against or toward land.

Question 36

What is a Land Breeze?

Answer 36

A current of moving air blowing from land onto an ocean or large lake.

Question 37

What is a Orographic precipitation?

Answer 37

As the air moves up the mountains, most of the moisture is released.

Question 38

What is a Rain Shadow?

Answer 38

Region which gains little rain under these conditions.