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BIOSTAT > CHAPTER 10 QUIZ > Flashcards

CHAPTER 10 QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

branch of applied statistics that concerns the application of statistical
methods to medicine, biological problems, and public health
research

A

biostatistics

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2
Q

refers to a set of pertinent activities such as collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, and interpretation of quantitative data. It is a field of study which deals with the mathematical characterization of
a group or group of items

A

statistics

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3
Q

Summarize & describe a dataset, providing an overview of the data
w/o drawing conclusions- Measures of central tendency, dispersion, frequency

A

descriptive statistics

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4
Q

Quantifies the likelihood of a particular outcome

A

probability

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5
Q

Draw conclusions
Hypothesis testing, estimation

A

inferential statistics

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6
Q

Relationship bet. one or more independent & dependent variables- Linear & logistic regression, survival analysis

A

regression analysis

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7
Q

Randomization, replication, control of confounding variables

A

experimental design

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8
Q

study of changes in variables over time

A

longitudinal

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9
Q

examines the time until a specific event
occurs

A

survival analysis

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10
Q

Quantify the occurrence & distribution of health-related events
Incidence, prevalence, re

A

epidemiological measures

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11
Q

Graphical representations
Bar charts, scatter plots, box plots

A

data visualizations

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12
Q

collection of facts, figures, or observations

A

data

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13
Q

SAS, STATA, SPSS

A

statistical software

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14
Q

meaning fact or information

A

datum

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15
Q

a person who simply collects information or one who prepares
analysis or interpretations

A

statistician

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16
Q

simply describing the properties or characteristics of the data

A

descriptive statistics

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17
Q

drawing conclusions or generalizations from organized data

A

inferential statistcics

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18
Q

small part/subset that serves as the representative of the population

A

sample

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19
Q

totality of all objects under study

A

populations

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20
Q

refers to the method of getting a small part of the population

A

sampling

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21
Q

equal chance of being
selected

A

simple random sampling

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22
Q

divided into non-overlapping strata or
groups based on specific characteristics

A

stratified sampling

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23
Q

divided into naturally occurring groups
or cluster

A

cluster sampling

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24
Q

every nth individual or item in the
population is selected

A

systematic sampling

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25
Q

selecting individuals that are
readily available

A

convenience sampling

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26
Q

Every individual has a chance of being selected

A

probability sampling

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27
Q

Does not have an equal chance of being selected and biased

A

non probability sampling

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28
Q

Non-numerical info that describes quality, attributes, or
characteristics

A

qualitative variables

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29
Q

Interviews, focus groups, open-ended questionnaires, observations,
document analysis

A

qualitative variables

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30
Q

identifying name or membership in a group or category that have no intrinsic order or ranking

A

nominal data

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31
Q

connote ranking or inequalities

A

ordinal data

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32
Q

numeric in nature and can be ordered or ranked

A

quantitative variables

33
Q

Surveys, experiments, secondary data sources

A

quantitative variables

34
Q

countable. Whole numbers

A

discrete data

35
Q

assume any numerical value within a
range

A

continuous data

36
Q

equal unit of measurement separating
each score, but w/o a true zero point

A

interval scales

37
Q

similar to interval data, but has an absolute zero

A

ratio data

38
Q

directly from the source

A

primary data

39
Q

previously collected by others

A

secondary data

40
Q

organized in a specific format

A

structured

41
Q

lacks predefined structure

A

unstructured

42
Q

2 types of data

A

quantitative and qualitative

43
Q

Is a characteristic or attribute that can take on different values or
categories

A

variables

44
Q

Manipulated or controlled by the researcher

A

independent variable

45
Q

Expected to change as a result of manipulation of the ind. variable

A

dependent variable

46
Q

May influence the relationship bet. the ind. and dep. variable

A

confounding variable

47
Q

held constant or controlled to minimize
their impact on the dep. variable

A

control variable

48
Q

take on any value within range;
measured with precision

A

continuous variables

49
Q

divided into distinct categories or
groups

A

categorical variables

50
Q

specific, countable values w/in a range

A

discrete variables

51
Q

Systematic process of gathering and measuring information of
variables of interest, in a consistent and organized manner

A

data collection

52
Q

can be structured or semi-structured

A

surveys and questionnaires

53
Q

By asking set of questions or rate their agreement

A

surveys and questionnaires

54
Q

one-on-one or group conversations bet. researcher & participant

A

interviews

55
Q

watching, recording, and analyzing behaviors, events, or interactions w/o interfering the participants or
environment

A

observations

56
Q

researchers manipulate one or more ind. variables to observe the effect on the dep. variable

A

experiments

57
Q

collecting & analyzing data that has
already been collected by someone else

A

secondary analysis

58
Q

in-depth examination of a single case or small number of cases

A

case studies

59
Q

examines & interprets the content of texts, images, or audiovisual materials

A

content analysis

60
Q

organizing, summarizing, & displaying data in a clear, visually appealing,
and meaningful way
Textual, tabular, graphical form

A

data presentation

61
Q

2 Methods to organize the raw data

A

1) Setting up an array
2) Stem-and-leaf diagram

62
Q

Is a statistical tool used to organize and summarize data by showing the
frequencies or relative frequencies of diff. values in a dataset

A

frequency distributions

63
Q

A way to group continuous or discrete quantitative data into non-overlapping ranges when creating a frequency distribution table, histogram, or other visualizations

A

class intervals

64
Q

exact middle value bet. the lower and upper class limits. Calculated
by dividing the sum by 2

A

midpoint

65
Q

the smallest and largest values that can be included in a particular class interval

A

class limits

66
Q

precise points that separate adjacent class intervals.

A

class boundaries

67
Q

Determined by adding or subtracting 0.5 units from the class limits

A

class boundaries

68
Q

typically just consist of rows and columns

A

tables

69
Q

visual representations to see the relationship, trends, or patterns in the data more easily

A

charts and graphs

70
Q

displays frequencies or percentages w/ bars representing each category, their height indicating the value

A

bar charts

71
Q

similar to bar charts, but used to display continuous or interval data w/ bars representing intervals, their height indicating the
frequency

A

histograms

72
Q

display trends or changes in numerical data over time, w/ points representing the values at each time point and lines connecting the points

A

line charts

73
Q

relative proportions of categorical data, w/ slices representing each category, their size indicating the percentage

A

pie charts

74
Q

display the relationships bet. two numerical variables, with points representing the pairs of values on two axes

A

scatter plots

75
Q

display the distribution of numerical data, with boxes and whiskers representing the quartiles, median, and range of data

A

box plots

76
Q

present spatial data or data that has a geographical dimensions

A

Maps and Geographical Information Systems

77
Q

visual narratives that combine text, images, icons, and charts to tell a story, convey a message or explain a concept

A

infographics

78
Q

interactive tools that allow users to
explore, filter, or manipulate data in real-time

A

Dashboards and Data Visualizations

BIOSTAT (1 decks)

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