CHAPTER 10 Physiological Adaptations For Survival

Question 1

Conduction

Answer 1

Transfer of heat between two materials that are in direct contact with each other

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

Extension of a nerve cell along which impulses are transmitted away from the cell

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

Branched extensions of nerve cell that transmit impulses to that cell

Question 4

Ectothermic

Answer 4

Organism whose body temperature is governed by external sources of heat

Question 5

Convection

Answer 5

Transfer of heat by air and water currents

Question 6

Negative feedback loop

Answer 6

Counteracts the original stimulus

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

The junction between 2 neurons

Question 8

Effector

Answer 8

An organ or cell that carries out a response to the nerve impulse.

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

A tiny region of brain below the thalamus that controls various essential functions, including those associated with the autonomic nervous system.

Question 10

Homeostasisq

Answer 10

Condition of a relatively stable internal environment maintained within narrow limits.

Question 11

Pancreas

Answer 11

Organ that secretes digestive digestive enzymes into the duodenum and hormones into the blood stream.

Question 12

Poikilothermic

Answer 12

An organism such as a fish, having a body temperature that varies with the temperature of its surroundings.

Question 13

Radiation

Answer 13

Heat energy, in the form of infrared heat rays, lost from the surface of a warm body

Question 14

Receptor

Answer 14

A specialised cell or group of nerve endings that responds to sensory stimuli

Question 15

Sensory neuron

Answer 15

A nerve cell that conducts impulses form a sense organ to the central nervous system.

Question 16

Motor neuron

Answer 16

A neuron that conveys impulses form the central nervous system to a muscle, gland, or other tissue that causes movement.

Question 17

Stimulus

Answer 17

An event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.

Question 18

Central nervous system

Answer 18

Consists of the brain and spinal cord where sensory impulses are TRANSMITTED and ,motor impulses PASS OUT.

Question 19

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 19

All nerve cells that lie outside the brain and spinal cord excluding the optic nerve, spinal cord and autonomic nervous system.

Question 20

Endocrine system

Answer 20

System of ductless glands that produce hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream.

Question 21

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 21

Part of he nervous system that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle & glandular tissues and governs involuntary actions. It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 22

Somatic nervous system

Answer 22

Part of the peripheral nervous system that is associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements.

Question 23

Piloerection

Answer 23

The reflex of producing goosebumps ; erection of the hair of the skin due to contraction of hair follicle muscles.

Question 24

Hormones

Answer 24

In animals, chemicals produced in he endocrine glands, that are released into and transported via the bloodstream to other parts of the body where they act.

Question 25

Reflex

Answer 25

When the body involuntarily reacts to a stimulus in a way to protect the body. The nerve impulse from a receptor is transmitted inward to a nerve centre that in turn transmits it outward to an effector.

Question 26

Adrenal gland

Answer 26

A small gland located on top of the kidney that produces hormones to to help control heart rate, stress reactions in the body, blood pressure and the levels of minerals

Question 27

Thyroid gland

Answer 27

A large ductless gland which secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism.

Question 28

Physiological adaptations

Answer 28

What the body does in order for it to survive; when an individual has a systemic response to an external stimulus with intent to maintain homeostasis.

Question 29

Pituitary gland

Answer 29

A pea sized gland (part of the endocrine system) that sits underneath the brain that controls growth & development and the functioning of he other endocrine glands.

Question 30

Endothermic

Answer 30

Organism whose body heat is generated from internal metabolic sources.

Question 31

Reflex arc

Answer 31

The nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including its simplest nerve and motor nerve with a synapse between.

Question 32

Vasoconstriction

Answer 32

The constriction of blood vessels which increases blood pressure and retains heat within hate body.

Question 33

Vasodilation

Answer 33

Dilation of the blood vessels which increases heat loss.

Question 34

Action potential

Answer 34

The rapid change in electric potential that parts of a cell undergo when a nerve impulse is generated.

Question 35

Counter current heat exchange

Answer 35

Mechanism that enables fluids at different temperatures flowing in channels in opposite directions to exchange heir heat without mixing.

Question 36

Thermoregulation

Answer 36

The regulation of the internal body temperature