CHAPTER 10: Helping Others Flashcards
altruistic vs. egoistic
altruistic: motivated by the desire to improve another’s welfare.
egoistic: motivated by the desire to improve one’s own welfare
kin selection or “the selfish gene”
preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in the greater likelihood that genes held in common will survive
ex. helping children out of burning building rather than dog or coworker
empathy-altruism hypothesis
the proposition that empathetic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping
reciprocal vs reluctant altruism
reciprocal altruism: altruism that involves an individual helping another (despite some immediate risk or cost) and becoming more likely to recieve help from the other in return
reluctant altruism: altruistic kinds of behavior that result from pressure from peers or other sources of direct social influence
diffusion of responsibility
the belief that others will or should take responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need
direct vs indirect reciprocity
direct reciprocity: helping someone who may help you later
indirect reciprocity: help someone; someone else helps you later
explain the social exchange theory and what are considered costs and rewards in helping people
social exchange theory is the unconscious weighing of costs and rewards
Costs: physical danger, pain, embarassment, time consuming
Rewards: makes us feel good, avoid punishment for breaking social norms, social approval from others, decrease stress of seeing someone in need, be reciprocated in the future (others are more likely to help you, if you help them)
what is pluralistic ignorange?
the state in which people in a group mistakingly think that their own individual feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are different from those of other members of the group
negative state relief model
negative state relief model is the idea that people help others to counteract their own feelings of sadness
