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Science > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What 3 codons act as termination signals

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

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2
Q

What codon means start

A

AUG

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3
Q

What is the material in each cell that contains a set of instructions that controls all genetic traits

A

DNA

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4
Q

What material carries coded information from the nucleus to a ribosome

A

MRNA

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5
Q

What material carries amino acids to the ribosome

A

TRNA

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6
Q

Whats a codon, whats an anticodon

A

group of 3 bases

3 nucleotide bases

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7
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

strand of DNA

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8
Q

What material has codons

A

MRNA

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9
Q

What material has anticodons

A

TRNA

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10
Q

How do amino acids relate to proteins

A

amino acids put together make protein

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11
Q

How do genes relate to proteins

A

genes have codes that make up protein

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12
Q

What is transcription

A

making a copy of the DNA code

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13
Q

What is translation

A

decoding the MRNA into a polypeptide chain

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14
Q

Who are Watson and Crick

A

they figured out what the structure of DNA looked like

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15
Q

What is the steps of protein synthesis

A

MRNA is transcribed from a strand of DNA
MRNA travels through the nuclear envelope snd attaches to a ribosome
TRNA delivers amino acids to the MRNA; the anticodon of the TRNA matches up with the codon on the MRNA
Peptide bonds form between amino acids
A “stop” codon is read and no more amino acids are delivered; the protein is complete `

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16
Q

What does the anti-parallel mean

A

things going in an opposite direction but parallel to each other

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17
Q

Which molecules of the nucleotides make up the sides or backbone of the “ladder”

A

made of Deoxyribose bounded to phosphate groups

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18
Q

Which molecules make up the rungs or steps of the “ladder”

A

nitrogen base bounded with weak hydrogen bonds

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19
Q

What kind of bonds holds the two sides of the ladder together

A

covalent bonds

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20
Q

DNA resembles a twisted ladder. Thus, the structure of the DNA molecule is called…

A

double-helix

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21
Q

Which parts of a DNA molecule carry the actual genetic info

A

nucleotides

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22
Q

What are microscopic threadlike strands composed of the chemical DNA

A

Chromosomes

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23
Q

What is DNA short for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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24
Q

Is a long polymer who subunits (monomers) are called nucleotides and controls the production of proteins within the cell

A

DNA

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25
Q

The proteins that will be made for your body are determined by what

A

sequence of DNA

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26
Q

What important polymer is located in the nucleus

A

DNA

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27
Q

_____ controls the production of ______ within a cell

A

DNA

Protein

28
Q

Chromosomes are composed of what

A

genes

29
Q

A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein

A

genes

30
Q

Why is DNA called the nucleic acid

A

becuase it was first found in the nucleus

31
Q

Where else is DNA found

A

mitochondria and chloroplast

32
Q

_____ on chromosomes code for specific _______in a cell

A

protein

trait

33
Q

What is meant by the double helix

A

twisted ladder

34
Q

Name the pentose sugar found in DNA

A

deoxyribose

35
Q

The sides of a DNA are made of

A

sugar and phosphate molecules

36
Q

What makes up the rungs of DNA

A

nitrogen bases

37
Q

What will pair with adenine

A

thymine

38
Q

Nucleotides are made of a ______ a ________ and a nitrogen containing _______

A

sugar
phosphate
bases

39
Q

Name two bases with double C-N rings

A

adenine/ guanine

40
Q

______ bonds between bases must be broken to copy DNA

A

hydrogen

41
Q

Copying DNA to make two, identical DNA molecules is called

A

replicate

42
Q

MRNA has a ______ strand of nucleotides

A

single

43
Q

______ replaces _______ on RNA

A

uracil

thymine

44
Q

_____ is the pentose sugar on RNA

A

ribose

45
Q

______ not DNA can leave the nucleus through ______ in the nuclear envelope

A

MRNA

pores

46
Q

Proteins are made at the ________

A

Ribosomes

47
Q

____ are non-coding segments of DNA

A

introns

48
Q

_____ are sections of DNA that actually code for proteins

A

exons

49
Q

Proteins are made by linking together ______ _____

A

amino acids

50
Q

Amino acids are linked by what

A

peptide bonds

51
Q

Amino acid chains are called what

A

polypeptides

52
Q

Protein is synthesized by ______

A

ribosomes

53
Q

DNA’s code must be ______ and taken to the ______

A

copied

ribosomes

54
Q

At the __________ DNA’s code must be read so ______ _____ can be assembled to make _________

A

ribosomes
amino acids
polypeptides

55
Q

DNA = ?

A

MASTER PLAN

56
Q

RNA = ?

A

BLUEPRINT of the master plan

57
Q

what sugar does RNA use? DNA?

A 
RNA= ribose 
DNA= deoxyribose
58
Q

Made in the nucleus

A

Messenger RNA

59
Q

Copies DNA and leaves through nuclear pores

A

Messenger RNA

60
Q

The process of making the copy of the DNA code is called

A

Transcription

61
Q

Carries the info for specific proteins to the ribosomes

A

mRNA

62
Q

This is where the mRNA brings the code from the nucleus

A

rRNA

63
Q

The process of copying the sequence of one strand if DNA, the template strand

A

transcription

64
Q

During transcription, RNA polymerase does what to DNA

A

binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands

65
Q

Is the process of decoding the mRNA into a polypeptide chain

A

translation

Science (7 decks)

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