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Maladjusted Mind > Chapter 1 - Historical And Modern Perspectives > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Historical And Modern Perspectives Flashcards

1
Q

Behaving dysfunctionally

A

Behaviour interferes with routines, causes significant distress

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2
Q

Abnormal behaviour is:

A

Inconsistent with societal, cultural, and developmental norms.
Interferes with daily functioning.
Causes emotional distress.

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3
Q

Vincent Li

A

2001 began symptoms
July 2008 fired Walmart
July 30, 2008 on Greyhound obeyed auditory hallucinations to do harm - murder
Found not criminally responsible due to schizophrenia
When treated, felt remorse

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4
Q

Categorical approach to abnormal behaviour

A

Do you meet diagnostic criteria?

Downside: symptoms are unique, how much symptom is enough for diagnosis?

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5
Q

Dimensional approach to abnormal behaviour

A

Behaviour is constantly changing

Can be placed on continuum, quantitative criteria vs all or nothing way of thinking

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6
Q

Who is most at risk for mental illness?

A

Poor, low education

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7
Q

By 16, what percent children had disorder

A

36%

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8
Q

Factors to consider when addressing abnormal behaviour

A

Sex, ethnicity, SES, age (chronological vs developmental maturity), education, bio changes (puberty)

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9
Q

Developmental trajectory

A

Symptoms vary by age

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10
Q

Downward drift

A

Impairment as a result of psych disorder

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11
Q

Boys vs girls rate of psych as age

A

Rate decreases as boys enter teens, rate increases as girls enter adolescence

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12
Q

Trephination

A

Create hole in skull to release evil spirits (Egypt)

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13
Q

Hippocrates 460-377 BC father of medicine

A

First to identify hallucinations, delusions, melancholia, hysteria (random blindness), mania.
Most often associated with schizophrenia, somatoform disorders, mood disorders.

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14
Q

Hippocrates what contribute to psych

A

Environment, physical, four humours. Yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm.
Remove patients from family.

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15
Q

Galen contribution

A

Discounted wandering womb. Had psychological cause. Hysteria.

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16
Q

Middle Ages - renaissance

A

Influence of church, abnormal behaviour=devil
Witchcraft, mass hysteria
Emotional contagion - automatic mimicry of everything

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17
Q

Enlightenment from Middle Ages by who?

A

Johann Weyer specialized in treatment of mental illness and Paracelsus believed that mental illness could be hereditary (not demons)

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18
Q

Nineteenth century moral treatment

A

Move from asylums to special facilities
More humane treatment
Respect, kindness, religion, vocation

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19
Q

Founders of moral treatment

A

Philippe Pinel, William Tuke, Benjamin Rush, Dorothea Dix, Emil Kraepelin

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20
Q

Mental health facilities Canada

A

Hotel Dieu Quebec 1639
Many converted jails and military barracks in 1800s
Homewood 1883 for wealthy, privately funded so residents had no control

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21
Q

How many adults will have suffered from a psych in Canada

A

1/3

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22
Q

SES

A

Socioeconomic status

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23
Q

Psychoanalytic Freud 20th century

A

Unconscious, environmental factors, parental influence, infancy (first 5 years life), sexual urges

24
Q

Behaviourism 20th century, Pavlov and Watson

A

Pavlov dogs
Little Albert - noise bunny
Little Peter - noise bunny then desensitized by Jones
Behaviour learned and unlearned

25
Q

Structure of a neuron

A

Dendrite, soma, axon, synapse, neurotransmitter, receptor

26
Q

Biological models

A 
Biological scarring - disorder changes brain 
Hereditary factors
Brain malfunction or structural abnormal
Viral infection theory of fetus
Behavioural genetics
27
Q

Psychoanalysis made by

A

Freud 1856-1939

28
Q

Psychoanalysis parts of mind

A

Id (pleasure, unconscious), ego (copes with reality, both un/conscious), superego (moral restraint, guilt, both)

29
Q

Defence mechanisms

A

In psychoanalysis, used as a way to prevent or cause abnormal behaviour

30
Q

Psychosexual stages of development

A

Oral, anal, phallic (mastubration 3-5 love parent), latency (ew boys), genital (mature stage)
Become fixated at stage of age of negative experience

31
Q

Psychoanalysis treatment

A

Dream analysis, interpretation, free association, insight (bring unconscious material to conscious), catharsis (releasing psychic energy)

32
Q

Carl Jung

A

Modern psychoanalytic, developed analytical therapy

Believed behavioural motivators are psychological and spiritual vs sexual (Freud)

33
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Modern psychoanalytic, development of individual psychology

Sibling rivalry, birth order, inferiority complex.

34
Q

Contemporary models of psychoanalysis:

A 
Ego psychology (increased focus on conscious motivations)
Object relations theory (emotional relations with objects)
35
Q

Behavioural psychological model

A

We are products and producers of our environment, behaviours are learned, sometimes maladaptive as a source of coping

36
Q

Vicarious conditioning

A

Learning by observing another person

37
Q

Behaviour is learned by (behavioural theory)

A

Social learning, operant conditioning, reinforcement, punishment

38
Q

Cognitive psychological model

A

Aaron Beck (1921-)
Perception is our reality, how we perceive influence how we act, think, and feel
Cognitive behavioural therapy

39
Q

Beck view on depression

A

Three distorted views: negative view of self, world, future

40
Q

Cognitive treatment

A

Based on changing these distorted thoughts through behavioural experiments and talk therapy

41
Q

Cog distortions:
Mental filtering
Reasoning emotionally
Mislabelling

A

Just choosing the bad
Feel bad, is bad
Did bad, I am horrible

42
Q

Humanistic psychological model

A 
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Abnormal behaviour originates when self image and actual self are incongruent, limits ability to achieve full potential
43
Q

Phenomenology

A

One’s worldview is more important than actual world

44
Q

Client-centred therapy (humanistic)

A

Genuineness, empathic understanding, unconditional positive regard.

45
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

Examines all factors, systemic approach, different factors contribute to the illness as a whole.

46
Q

Diathesis stress model

A

Diathesis is bio or psych vulnerability
Stress is environmental factors
Combine to make distress/dysfunction results in psych disorder

47
Q

Is behaviour truly abnormal?

A

Does it cause impairment and distress impacting functioning?

48
Q

Scientist-practitioner approach

A

Look at the science and theories behind it, conduct research to guide and improve psychology

49
Q

Goodness of fit

A

Understanding behaviour in specific context

50
Q

DSM-V

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fifth edition
Uses categorical approach

51
Q

Etiology

A

Cause

52
Q

Dementia praecox

A

Schizophrenia first identified by Kraepelin

53
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Behaviour changed by events happen afterward (punishment and reinforcement)

54
Q

What percentage Canadians meet criteria for substance abuse

A

20%

55
Q

First person to adopt occupational therapy

A

Pinel

Maladjusted Mind (2 decks)

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