Chapter 1 - Elements Of The Immune System

Question 0

What are the recognition mechanisms and players of Adaptive Immunity?

Answer 0

• slow response (days to weeks)
• variable
• numerous highly selective specificities
• improve during response

The players are:

• B Lymphocytes -> antibodies
• T Lymphocytes -> effector T-cells

Question 1

What are the recognition mechanisms and players of Innate Immunity?

Answer 1

• rapid response (hrs)
• Fixed
• limited # of specificities
• Constant during response

The players are:

• epithelial barriers
• phagocyte
• complement
• NK cells

Question 2

What is the order of where hematopoietic activity takes place?

Answer 2

1) yolk sac
2) fetal liver and spleen
3) bone marrow

Question 3

What does the Hematopoietic Stem Cell divide into?

Answer 3

• common lymphoid precursor

- common myeloid precursor

Question 4

What does common myeloid precursor divide into?

Answer 4

• B cell -> plasma cell
• T cell -> effector T cell
• NK cell

Question 5

What does the common myeloid precursor divide into?

Answer 5

• monocyte -> macrophage & dendritic cell
• neutrophil (most #), eosinophil, basophil
• mast cell
• megakaryocyte -> platelets
• erythroblast -> erythrocyte (O2 transport & removal of immune complexes)

Question 6

What’s the difference between macrophage and neutrophil?

Answer 6

• Macrophage -> long lived commanders, secrete the cytokines that recruit neutrophils to infected area
• Neutrophil -> short lived infantry, stored in he bone marrow and die in the tissue

Question 7

B cells vs T cells

Answer 7

B cells

• BCRs are Immunoglobulins
• effector B cells (plasma cells) secrete antibodies which are the soluble form of Ig
• antibody producing Plasma Cells is the only effector function

T cells

• TCRs
• no soluble form
• Cytotoxic T-cells
• Helper T-cells

Question 8

Humoral Immunity?

Answer 8

Immunity due to antibodies and their actions

Question 9

Neutralization

Answer 9

Antibodies bind tightly to a site on a pathogen so as to inhibit pathogen growth/interaction and reduce infection.

Question 10

Opsonization

Answer 10

A phenomenon by which a coating of antibody/pathogen with a protein that facilitates phagocytosis.

Question 11

Types of lymphoid tissues

Answer 11

Primary or Central Lymphoid Tissues

• where lymphocytes develop and mature
• bone marrow and thymus

Secondary or Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues

• where lymphocytes become stimulated to respond to invading pathogens
• spleen is one that defends body against blood borne pathogens but NOT lymph
• lymph node is another
• GALT