Chapter 1 Definitions

Question 0

Anatomy

Answer 0

Study of structure and relationships

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

How body functions

Question 3

Gross anatomy

Answer 3

Study of structures that can be examined without the aid of a microscope

Question 4

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 4

Cytology and histology

Question 5

Levels of organization

Answer 5

Chemical, cellular, tissue level, organ level, organ system, organismal

Question 6

Chemical level

Answer 6

Atoms (C, H, O, N, Ca) and molecule (DNA, hemoglobin, glucose)

Question 7

Tissue level

Answer 7

Groups of similar cells

Question 8

Organ level

Answer 8

Composed of two or more different tissues

Question 9

Organization

Answer 9

Every organism has a characteristic pattern of organization which differs from that of inanimate objects

Question 10

Responsiveness

Answer 10

Body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

The condition in which the internal environment of the body remains relatively constant in terms of gases, nutrients, ions, water, temp, and pressure

Question 12

Intracellular fluid

Answer 12

Fluid inside a cell

Question 13

Extracellular fluid and name the 2 types of fluid

Answer 13

Fluid outside the cell
2 types:
Interstitial fluid - fills the spaces between cells
Plasma - blood

Question 14

Stress

Answer 14

Any stimulus that causes an imbalance in the internal environment

Question 15

Feedback system

Answer 15

A cycle of events in which the status of the body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, etc

Question 16

Control center

Answer 16

Determines the set point of some aspect of the body

Question 17

Receptor

Answer 17

Monitors the changes in the controlled condition

Question 18

Effector

Answer 18

Receives information (output) from the control center and produces a response (effect)

Question 19

Negative feedback system

Answer 19

Causes the level of a variable to change in the direction opposite of the initial change

Question 20

Positive feedback system

Answer 20

Causes the level of a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change

Question 21

Superior vs inferior

Answer 21

Superior: toward head or upper part of body structure
Inferior: away from the head or lower part of body structure

Question 22

Anterior (ventral) vs Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 22

Anterior: toward or at front of body…in front of
Posterior: toward or at back of body…behind

Question 23

Medial vs lateral

Answer 23

Medial: toward midline of body
Lateral: away from midline of body

Question 24

Proximal vs distal

Answer 24

Proximal: close to attachment of limb
Distal: farther away from attachment of limb

Question 25

Superficial vs deep

Answer 25

Superficial is toward or at body surface

Deep is away from body surface

Question 26

Ipsilateral vs contralateral

Answer 26

Ipsilateral is on same side

Contralateral is on opposite side of body

Question 27

Prone vs supine

Answer 27

Prone is face down

Supine is face up