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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is Hippocrates?

A

A Greek Physican (460-337 B.C): Referred to as the father of modern medicine

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2
Q

What did Hippocrates emphasize?

A

Natural causes of disease and brain pathology

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3
Q

What is an Asylum?

A

Sanctuaries or places of refuge meant solely for the care of
the mentally ill.

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4
Q

Who was Philippe Pinel? (1745-1826)

A

In charge of “La Bicetre” an asylum in Paris.
Replaced the harsh treatment and living conditions to humane ones and the result was dramatic improvement.

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5
Q

William Tuke?

A

English Quaker that established York retreat

Known for providing more humane care for people with mental illnesses

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6
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

Founder of American Psychiatry and signed Declaration of Independence

  • Considered transition figure between old and new eras
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7
Q

What did Benjamin’s support help lead too?

A

Helped promote scientific study of the psychological disorders once developed by Hippocrates

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8
Q

Moral Management

A

method of treatment that focused
on the patient’s social, individual, and occupational
needs.

This method was abandoned later in the 19th century.
Reasons:
-prejudice against the rising immigrant population
-poor training
-larger hospitals
-less good care
-rise of the Mental Hygiene Movement
-advances in biomedical science

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9
Q

Mental Hygiene Movement

A

Treatment method that focused on the physical comfort of the patient with no help for their mental problems, so condemned individuals to helplessness and dependency.

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10
Q

What is Biomedical Science?

A

Using biological explanations and biologically based treatments in order to treat mental illnesses

Believed that the psycohological and social environment were irrelevant and only focused on the comfort until cures were found

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11
Q

What are the components of mental disorders and the description of each

A
  1. Suffering: experience psychological pain such as depression or
    anxiety.
  2. Maladaptiveness: unhealthy behaviors.
  3. Statistical Deviancy: behavior that is statistically rare.
  4. Violations of the Standards of Society: violates standards of norms
    and morals and is statistically deviant.
  5. Social Discomfort: when social rules are violated, cause discomfort
    to those around you.
  6. Irrationality and Unpredictability: behavior that doesn’t make any
    sense.
  7. Dangerousness: a danger to themselves or others.
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12
Q

What are the causes of abnormal behavior

A

Biological causes: genetic and environmental influences on physical
functioning.

Psychological Causes: disturbances in thoughts and feelings

Sociocultural Causes: circles of influence from family or close friends,
institutions, and policies of a country or the world.

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13
Q

What are examples of biological causes?

A
  • inherited factors
  • exposure to harmful environmental stimuli
  • brain damage from head trauma
  • toxic substances or allergens in the environment
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14
Q

What are some examples of psychological causes?

A
  • past learning experiences
  • maladaptive thought patterns
  • difficulty coping with stress
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15
Q

What are some examples of Sociocultural factors?

A
  • discrimination
  • abuse
  • poverty
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16
Q

What is the Biopsychosocial Perspective

A

The interaction in which biological,
psychological, and sociocultural factors play a role in the development
of an individual’s viewpoint.

These biopsychosocial factors interact to alter brain patterns all the time and make individuals dynamic

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17
Q

Mental disorder

A

Behaevioral or psychological symptom in an individual that reflects underlying psychobiological dysfunction that needs clinical treatment

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18
Q

DSM-5 tr

A

Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that was published by the
American Psychiatric Association that contains standard terms
and definitions of psychological disorder

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19
Q

Stigma (disgrace)

A

a label that causes certain people to be regarded as different, defective and set apart from mainstream members of society

20
Q

Stereotyping

A

automatic beliefs based on minimal information.

21
Q

Epidemiology

A

the study of distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a specific population.

22
Q

Prevalence

A

refers to the number of active cases in a population during
any given period of time. (point, 1-yr, and lifetime prevalence)

23
Q

Psychological assessment

A

Procedure where clinicians provide formal evaluation using psychological tests, observations and interviews that provide scoreable information about a client’s psychological functioning

24
Q

Clinical diagnosis

A

A general “summary classification” of the patient’s symptoms following a clearly defined system such as the DMS-5

25
Q

Clinical interview

A

a series of questions that clinicians administer face-to-face interaction with the client

26
Q

Structured interview

A

Standardized series of assessment questions with a

27
Q

Unstructured interview

A

Series of open-ended questions aimed at determining the client’s reasons for being in treatment, symptoms, health status, family background and life history

28
Q

What are the three major concepts in which clinical assessment and tests include

A

reliability, validity, and standardization

29
Q

Standardization

A

Process by which an instrument is administered, scored and interpreted is consistent and clearly specifies a test’s instructions and scoring method

30
Q

Intellegence tests

A

Measures intellectual abilities

31
Q

Personality tests

A

Incoludes projective and self reports

32
Q

Rorchach inkblot

A

Use of inkblots developed by Hermann Rorschach to uncover unconcious motivations

You look at it and what you see uncover the uncconscious motivations

33
Q

Projective tests

A
34
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Belief that abnormalities in the body’s functioning are responsible for symptoms of psychological disorders (disturbances in emotions, behavior, cognitive process)

35
Q

What is the theoretical perspective and what does it include?

A

an orientation to understanding the causes of human behavior and the treatment of abnormality

Includes the biological, theoretical

36
Q

Four categories of biological perspective

A

Neurotransmitters, genetics, temperament, brain dysfunction

37
Q

Five neurotransmitters related to psychopathology

A

Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid (known as GABA)

38
Q

Temperament

A

refers to the child’s reactivity and characteristic ways of self-regulation. Thought to be the basis of personality formation.

39
Q

Brain dysfunction neural plasticity

A

Flexibility in the brain for making
changes in organization and function.

40
Q

Structures of personality

A

Id, Ego, Super Ego, Defense mechanisms, psychosexual stages of development, Oedipus, Electra complex

41
Q

Id

A

Primitive and instinctive component of personality.

42
Q

Ego

A

Conscious part of the personality, and is the reasonable decision-making component of personality

43
Q

Super ego

A

Incorporates morals and standards of society set into when we are young. It is the moral standards by which the ego operates

44
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Mechanisms such as denial, repression that comes from trauma

45
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Anal phase
Phallic phase

46
Q
A

Abnormal Psychology (2 decks)

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