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HNSC > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition is the study of

A

Foods we eat and the nutrients we consume, human behavior in relation to food, how nutrients are used in body

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2
Q

Define Diet

A

Food and beverages a person usually eats and drinks

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3
Q

Define food

A

Any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and healthy, and to grow. It is a carrier of nutrients.

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4
Q

Define nutrients

A

Components in food that are indispensable to the functioning of the body i.e. essential to life.

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5
Q

Define health CHECK

A

The state of a human when it functions optimally without evidence of disease or abnormality.

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6
Q

What do nutrients provide? (3)

A

Energy, building material, maintain or repair the body and support growth

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7
Q

1gram of glucose =

A

4 cals

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8
Q

The body is only made up of…

A

Nutrients

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9
Q

Name 3 health conditions that are health related

A

Diabetes, heart disease, iron deficiency anemia, hypertension etc.

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10
Q

What is a multifactorial disease?

A

A disease that has multiple causes

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11
Q

Give an example of a single cause disease.

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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12
Q

What type of disease is linked to poor diet?

A

Chronic

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13
Q

What are the energy providing nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins (secondary source)

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14
Q

What are “other” nutrients?

A

Water (the most important), vitamins (they need to be intact for humans to make use of them), minerals.

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15
Q

Which nutrients (NS) are fat soluble?

A

Fat, Vitamins : A, D, E, & K

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16
Q

Which NS are H2O soluble?

A

CHO, proteins, minerals, vit. B & C, H2O

17
Q

How many vitamins are there in total?

A

13

18
Q

Most chemicals are _____ ________

A

water soluble

19
Q

What are essential nutrients?

A

Nutrients that the body cannot make for itself from other raw materials

20
Q

What are conditionally essential nutrients?

A

Body cannot make enough of to meet the requirement for health. e.g. amino acid histidine which was essential as a child but is no longer as an adult.

21
Q

What are non-essential nutrients?

A

The nutrients that the body is able to make for itself

22
Q

What are the essential nutrients? (6 types)

A

Glucose, 2 essential fatty acids (linoleic acid and linolenic acid), vitamins, all minerals, 8 out of 20 amino acids

23
Q

The caloric value per g of nutrients and alcohol

A
  • Carbohydrate 4 Kcal/g (Cal/g)
  • Protein 4 Kcal/g
  • Fat (lipid) 9 Kcal/g
  • Alcohol 7 Kcal/g
24
Q

How to calculate the total calories in food

A

Total Cals = Cals (CHO) + Cals (fat) + Cals (protein)

25
Q

What are the 5 factors that contribute to a healthy diet?

A

Adequate in essential nutrients, fiber and energy

Balance in nutrients and food types

Calorie control: Energy intake should not exceed energy output

to maintain healthy body weight

Moderation in fat, salt, sugar or other unwanted constituents

Variety: Choose different foods each day (even if nutritious)

26
Q

What are 5 of the food choice factors?

A

Availability: no others to choose from (no access to large supermarkets)

Cost, convenience: foods are within your means

Emotional comfort: make you feel better for a while

Media advertising: the media have persuaded you eat these ones

Habit: familiar foods, you always eat them

27
Q

What are 6 of the food choice factors?

A

Personal preference and genetic inheritance: taste, genes

Positive association: eaten by people you admire, indicate status, just remind you of fun!

Region of the country: foods favored in your areas (bakeries, seafood …)

Social pressure: they are offered, you cant refuse them

Values, beliefs: they fit your religious traditions, political views or honour the environmental ethics

Weight, nutritional value

28
Q

1______ is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 litre of water from 13 to 14 degrees celcius

A

Cal

29
Q

How many calories does the average person need per day?

A

2000-2500 kcal per day

30
Q

Most foods are composed of _____ or more nutrients

A

3 ex: apple is mostly carbs but contains water, vitamins and other nutrients

31
Q

Saliva is made up of

A

Carbs, proteins and water etc.

32
Q

1024 cal =

A

= 1kcal

33
Q

Nutrient dense foods are foods that…

A

are “getting the most nutrients for your calories”

34
Q

What is health

A

State of a human when functioning optimally

35
Q

What is nutritional genomics

A

science of genes affect on nutrients and vice-versa

36
Q

Why is your diet important

A

Your choice of diet has long term health effects (within the range set by genetic inheritance)

37
Q
A

HNSC (4 decks)

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