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Parasitology (Elizabeth) > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term used when parasites were responsible for invasion in the body

A

Infection

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2
Q

What is the term used when the parasites were responsible for the invasion on the body

A

Infestation

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3
Q

It is defined in the process with characteristic symptoms, emerged, determining an effective means of healing infected persons become priority.

A

Disease

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4
Q

Were frequently responsible for transmission

A

Vectors

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5
Q

Plants, animals, and humans known to harbor parasites

A

Hosts

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6
Q

The escalation of disease caused by the presence of parasites

A

Parasitic

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7
Q

Prevalence of Parasites:

A
  1. Increases population density
  2. Poor sanitation
  3. Marginal water sources
  4. Poor public health practices
  5. Environmental changes
  6. Habits and customs of the people
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8
Q

The means whereby a parasite gains entry into an unsuspecting hosts, vary by specific parasite species and those associated with the parasites.

A

Mode of Transmission

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9
Q

An insect vector which a parasite is passed on to an uninfected host, most often via a blood meal (bite).

A

Arthropod

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10
Q

Routes for Parasite Transmission:

A
  1. Sexual transmission
  2. Mouth-to-mouth contact through kissing
  3. Droplet contamination
  4. Eye contact with infected swimming water
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11
Q

Parasite that cannot survive outside of a host

A

Obligatory parasite

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12
Q

Parasite that is capable of existing independently of a host

A

Facultative parasite

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13
Q

Parasite that is established inside of a host

A

Endoparasite

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14
Q

Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface of a host

A

Ectoparasite

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15
Q

Host other than the normal one that is harboring a parasite

A

Accidental or incidental host

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16
Q

Host in which the adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs

A

Definitive host

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17
Q

Host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected

A

Reservoir host

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18
Q

Host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another

A

Transport host

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19
Q

Parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms but can infect others.

A

Carrier

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20
Q

Living together; the association of two living organisms, each of a different species

A

Symbiosis

21
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to both

A

Mutualism

22
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one and neutral to other

A

Commensalism

23
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one at the other’s expense

A

Parasitism

24
Q

Relating to commensalism; the association between two different organisms in which one benefits and has a neutral effect on the other

A

Commensal

25
Q

Parasite that has demonstrated the ability to cause disease

A

Pathogenic

26
Q

The form of a parasite that enters a host

A

Infective stage

27
Q

Two organisms of different species living together

A

Symbiosis

28
Q

The official units of parasite measurement

A

Microns

29
Q

A parasite that cannot survive outside its host

A

Obligatory parasite

30
Q

An insect that transports a parasite from an infected host to an uninfected host

A

Vector

31
Q

A parasite that lives on the outside surface of its host

A

Ectoparasite

32
Q

Parasite-harboring host that is not affected by its presence but can shed the parasite and infect others.

A

Carrier

33
Q

A destructive process that has characteristic symptoms

A

Disease

34
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one but neutral to the other

A

Commensalism

35
Q

A host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another

A

Transport host

36
Q

When a parasite infects a host, ______ results.

A

Symbiosis

37
Q

What is the primary function of the host to a parasite?

A

Is to carry on the parasite’s life cycle

38
Q

Three common components of parasitic life cycle:

A
  1. Mode of transmission
  2. Infective stage
  3. Diagnostic stage
39
Q

Major body areas associated with diseases:

A
  1. Gastrointestinal (GI) and urogenital (UG) tract
  2. Blood and tissue
  3. Liver, lung, and other major organs
  4. Miscellaneous locations, such as cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), eye, skin, and extremeties
40
Q

Parasite treatment option:

A
  1. Antiparasitic medications
  2. Change in diet
  3. Vitamin supplements
  4. Fluid replacement
  5. Blood transfusion
  6. Bed rest
41
Q

It is the most common submitted sample for studies.

A

Stool

42
Q

Suspicious forms that visually resemble parasites in terms of size and morphology and are commonly encountered.

A

Artifacts/Confusers

43
Q

The scientific names of parasites are written in italics and consists of two components, _____ and _____

A

Genus and Species

44
Q

What are the three major groups of clinically significant parasites:

A
  1. Single-celled parasites - Protozoa
  2. Multicellular worms - Metazoa helminths
  3. Arthropods (insects and their allies) - Animalia
45
Q

In what parts of the world are parasites endemic, and what factors contribute to their occurrence in these areas?

A

Underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries such as Haiti, Guatemala, and Myanmar (Burma) and countries on the African continent.

Individuals in underdeveloped areas and countries
Refugees
Immigrants
Visitors from foreign countries
Individuals who are immunocompromised
Individuals living in close quarters (e.g., prisons)
Children who attend day care centers

46
Q

What are some of the primary modes of parasitic transmission?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food or drink (primarily water)
Hand-to-mouth transfer
Insect bite
Entry via drilling through the skin
Unprotected sexual relations
Mouth-to-mouth contact
Droplet contamination
Eye contact with infected swimming water

47
Q

Types of parasites

A

Obligatory
Facultative
Endoparasite
Ectoparasite

48
Q

Types of Hosts

A

Accidental or incidental
Definitive
Intermediate
Reservoir
Transport
Carrier

49
Q

Parasite-Host Relationship Terms

A

Symbiosis
Commensalism
Parasitism
Commensal
Pathogenic

Parasitology (Elizabeth) (1 decks)

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