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RST > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

All fires involve a heat producing chemical between some type of ______ and an ____________

A

Fuel
Oxidizers

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2
Q

Oxidation is

A

A chemical reaction involving the combination of an oxidizer, such as oxygen in the air, with other materials.

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3
Q

Potential energy is

A

the amount of energy that an objec can release at some pint in the future

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4
Q

Kinetic energy is

A

the energy that a moving object possesses

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5
Q

Heat of Combustion variables include (4)

A

1 Chemical Composition
2 Arrangement
3 Density of the fuel
4 Availability of oxygen for combustion

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6
Q

Thermal Energy is

A

Heat from Kinetic energy

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7
Q

Energy is measured in

A

Joules

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8
Q

How many Joules to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by one degree Celsius is

A

4.2 Joules

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9
Q

The unit of measurement for Heat is

A

BTU

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10
Q

To raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit is

A

1 BTU

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11
Q

Exothermic Reactions are

A

Reactions that emit energy as they occur

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12
Q

Endothermic Reactions are

A

Reactions that absorb energy as they occur

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13
Q

Fire Tetrahedron includes (4)

A

1 Fuel
2 Oxidizing agent
3 Heat
4 Chemical Chain Reaction

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14
Q

In order for Ignition to occur solids and liquids must become

A

Gaseous

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15
Q

In solids off gassing is called

A

Pyrolysis

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16
Q

In liquids its physicals change to gaseous is called

A

Vaporization

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17
Q

Piloted ignition occurs

A

when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction

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18
Q

Autoignition occurs

A

without any external flame or spark to ignite the fuel gases or vapors

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19
Q

Autoignition Temperature (AIT) is

A

The minimum temperature at which a fuel in the air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion and is always higher then the piloted ignition temerature

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20
Q

Carbon based fuels are

A

Wood and Cotton

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21
Q

Hydrocarbon fuels are

A

Plastics
Synthetic fabrics

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22
Q

How many more times toxic is HCN

A

35 more times then CO

23
Q

HCN / Hydrogen Cyanide

A

is a toxic and flammable substance produced in the combustion of materials containing Nitrogen

24
Q

CO/ Carbon Monoxide is

A

the toxic and flammable product of the incomplete combustion of organic materials

25
Q

CO2/ Carbon Dioxide is

A

the product of complete combustion of organic materials

26
Q

Gases always move

A

From higher pressure to lower pressure

27
Q

Heat Flux is measured in

A

Kilowatts per square meter

28
Q

Resistance Heating

A

Electric current flowing through a conductor produces heat

29
Q

Overcurrent or Overload

A

When the current flowing through a conductor exceeds its design limits

30
Q

Arcing

A

An arc is a high-temperature luminous electric discharge across a game or through a medium such as charred insulation

31
Q

Sparking

A

when electric arc occurs, luminous glowing particles cna form and splatter away from the pint of arcing

32
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Friction or compression and movement of two surfaced against each other creates heat

33
Q

Convection

A

is the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a fluid liquid or gas

34
Q

What can become the dominant mode of heat transfer as the fire grows

A

Radiation/ Radiant Heat

35
Q

Vapor Density

A

Density of gases in relation to air, air has a vapor density of 1

36
Q

Specific Gravity

A

is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of a liquid compared to the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature, water is assigned a specific gravity of 1

37
Q

Flash point

A

is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite but not sustain combustion

38
Q

Fire point

A

is the temperature at which a piloted ignition of sufficient vapors will begin and sustain combustion reaction

39
Q

As the surface to mass ration increases

A

its ability to ignite increases tremendously

40
Q

Flammable range of Propane

A

2.1-9.5 %

41
Q

Flammable range of Carbonmonoxide

A

12-75%

42
Q

Flammable range of Gasonline

A

1.4 - 7.4 %

43
Q

Flammable range of diesel

A

1.3- 6%

44
Q

Flammable range of ethanol

A

3.3 - 19%

45
Q

Four Stages of fire development are called

A

1 Incipient stage
2 Growth Stage
3 Fully Developed stage
4 Decay stage

46
Q

A visual indicator that fire is leaving the incipient stage is

A

Flame height greater then 2.5 Feet

47
Q

The appearance of isolated flames is sometimes a indicator of immediate

A

Flashover

48
Q

The autoignition temperature of CO is

A

1,100 degrees F

49
Q

SCBA Face pieces begin to fail after

A

5 minutes of exposure to a heat flux of 15 kW/m

50
Q

High Neutral Plane

A

may indicate that the fire is in the early stages of development and can also indicate a fire above your level

51
Q

Mid Level Neutral plane

A

could indicate that the compartment has not yet ventilated or that flashover is approaching.

52
Q

Very Low level Neutral plane

A

May indicate that the the fire is reaching flashover conditions and could also mean that a fire is below you aka basement

53
Q

Legacy Construction Features (4)

A

Smaller compartments

More Compartments within the same square footage as modern home

Windows that could be open for ventilation

Air Pockets in empty walls cavities used for air as insulation

54
Q

Modern Construction Features (7)

A

Open Floor plan

High ceilings

Atriums

Lightweight manufactured structural components

Sealed windows

Wall Cavities

Synthetic insulation

RST (6 decks)

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