chap 9 dev psy Flashcards

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1
Q

The games children play at recess tend to be informal and
spontaneously organized. Boys play more physically active
games, whereas girls favor games that include verbal
expression or counting aloud

A

Recess-time play

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2
Q

Illnesses that last a short time.

A

Acute medical conditions

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3
Q

Illnesses or impairments that persist for at least 3 months

A

Chronic medical conditions

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4
Q

A chronic respiratory disease characterized by sudden
attacks of coughing, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing.

A

Asthma

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5
Q

One of the most common diseases of childhood. It is
characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood as a
result of defective insulin production, ineffective insulin
action, or both.

A

Diabetes

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6
Q

Third stage of Piagetian cognitive development
(approximately ages 7 to 12), during which children
develop logical but not abstract thinking.

A

Concrete operations

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7
Q

Conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions to
accomplish goals or solve problems.

A

Executive function

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8
Q

Understanding of processes of memory

A

Metamemory

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9
Q

Strategy to aid memory.

A

Mnemonic device

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10
Q

Aids Mnemonic strategies using something outside the
person.

A

External memory

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11
Q

Mnemonic strategy to keep an item in working memory
through conscious repetition.

A

Rehearsal

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12
Q

Mnemonic strategy of categorizing material to be
remembered.

A

Organization

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13
Q

Mnemonic strategy of making mental associations involving
items to be remembered.

A

Elaboration

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14
Q

Individual intelligence test for school age children, which
yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined
score.

A

Wechsler Intelligence Scale

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15
Q

Group intelligence test for kindergarten through 12th grade.

A

Otis-Lennon School Ability Test

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16
Q

Intelligence tests that, if they were possible to design,
would have no culturally linked content.

A

Culture-free tests

17
Q

Intelligence tests that deal with experiences common to
various cultures, in an attempt to avoid cultural bias.

A

Culture-fair tests

18
Q

Gardner’s theory that each person has several distinct
forms of intelligence.

A

Theory of multiple intelligences

19
Q

Sternberg’s theory describing three elements of
intelligence: componential, experiential, and contextual.

A

Triarchic theory of intelligence

20
Q

Sternberg’s term for the analytic aspect of intelligence.

A

Componential element

21
Q

Sternberg’s term for the practical aspect of intelligence.

A

Contextual element

21
Q

Sternberg’s term for the insightful or creative aspect of
intelligence.

A

Experiential element

22
Q

Sternberg’s term for information that is not formally taught
or openly expressed but is necessary to get ahead

A

Tacit knowledge

23
Q

Sentence structure continues to become more elaborate.
Older children use more subordinate clauses

A

VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR, AND SYNTAX

24
Q

Thinking aimed at finding the one right answer to a
problem.

A

Convergent thinking

25
Q

Thinking that produces a variety of fresh, diverse
possibilities.

A

Divergent thinking

26
Q

Programs for educating the gifted that broaden and deepen
knowledge and skills through extra activities, projects, field
trips, or mentoring.

A

enrichment programs

27
Q

Programs for educating the gifted that move them through
the curriculum at an unusually rapid pace.

A

Acceleration programs

28
Q

Significantly subnormal cognitive functioning. Also referred
to as cognitive disability or mental retardation.

A

Intellectual disability

29
Q

Developmental disorder in which reading achievement is
substantially lower than predicted by IQ or age.

A

Dyslexia

30
Q

Disorders that interfere with specific aspects of learning and
school achievement.

A

Learning disabilities (LDs)

31
Q

Syndrome characterized by persistent inattention and
distractibility, impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration, and
inappropriate over activity.

A

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

32
Q

Process of phonetic analysis by which a printed word is
converted to spoken form before retrieval from long-term
memory.

A

Decoding

33
Q

Approach to teaching reading that emphasizes decoding of
unfamiliar words.

A

Phonetic (code-emphasis) approach

34
Q

Approach to teaching reading that emphasizes visual
retrieval and use of contextual clues.

A

Whole-language approach

35
Q

Process of retrieving the sound of a printed word when
seeing the word as a whole.

A

Visually based retrieval

36
Q

Thinking about thinking, or awareness of one’s own mental
processes.

A

Metacognition