Ch.8 History Flashcards
The sedition acts violated which amendment?
The 1st amendment
What were sedition acts and were passed as political motive against who?
They were acts that made a crime to criticize the government and were passed as a political motive against Democratic-Republican party.
Who argued that the sedition acts were unconstitutional?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions?
They were written by Jefferson and James Madison, and questioned whether the government could limit free speech.
What began the issue of states’ rights?
The ideas that arose about nullifying the law in each state separately.
After the XYZ there was still tension between which two countries?
America and France
What was the convention of 1800?
When three new commissioners went to France to reach the agreement of allowing the US to no longer be continued to the treaty of alliance.
Who was France’s dictator at this time?
Napolean Bonaparte
Why did Adams feel confident during the election of 1800?
Due to his new agreement with France.
Why did Jefferson feel confident during the election of 1800?
The issue of the sedition acts
What else played a large role in the election of 1800?
Religious divisions
What did Jefferson not believe in?
A government that supports religion.
Who did the deeply religious people vote for?
John Adams
What were the results of the election of 1800?
Jefferson-73,Burr-73,Adams-65
How was the tie between Burr and Jefferson settled?
Each state(16)would vote,9 votes were needed for presidency.
How many votes occurred before the agreement was reached?
35
Who won presidency?
Jefferson(Burr was Vice President)
Which amendment was passed as a result from the tie?
The 12th(separate votes for the president and VP)
What were two main points of Jefferson’s inaugural address?
Unity at home and neutrality abroad
What is the majority rule?
The first principle of democracy
How did Jefferson appear in his address?
Shy,very humble in his dress and speech
What is an important quote from Jefferson’s address?
“Nobody shall be above you,nor you above anybody.”
Who did Jefferson have problems with?
The Supreme Court(full of men appointed by Adams)
What did Adams do to cause a court case?
He tried to pump the court with his appointees at his last hour of presidency,and Jefferson refused to let this happen.
What did the court case Marbury v. Madison establish?
The Supreme Court’s power to rule an act of congress unconstitutional.
What did the Barbary pirates do?
Forced nations to pay tribute every year for protection from their attacks at sea.
What happened when Jefferson refused to pay the tribute?
We went to war for 14 years
Who stormed tripoli and set fire to Philadelphia?
Stephen Decatur
What cities did France gain control of?
City of New Orleans and Louisiana from Spain.
What did Jefferson do rather than fight?
He offed to buy the land(the state of LA and all land west of the MS river to the Rockies) for $15M($0.02 an acre)
What happened between Hamilton and Burr?
Hatred boiled between them which lead to a duel issued by Burr.
What happened during the duel between Hamilton and Burr?
Hamilton is killed and the Federalist Party he created died with him(Hamilton is believed to have shot upward to hold onto his honor and respect rather shooting toward Burr)
How long were Jefferson and his friends the US presidents after the duel?
24 years
Who did Jefferson choose to head the expedition? Why was he qualified?
Meriwether Lewis; brave,careful,and “habituated to the woods.”
Where had Lewis and Clarke met before?
While they were both under general Anthony Wayne against the Indian confederacy.
What directions did Jefferson give to the men for the expedition?
Lewis and Clark had to describe and map the country, keep careful records of climate-temp., number of rainy days, wind directions- they had to locate river courses,take note of soil conditions, look for valuable minerals,and collect plant and animal specimens.
What were the men to do in regards to the Indian tribes the encountered?
To gather a lot of information about the specific culture in the tribes.
Describe the diversity of the men in the Corps of Discovery.
Some were good with lang., some were carpenters, some were army men, some were African-American, and some were gun smiths.
Who was the first African decent to cross the western frontier?
York
What role did Toussaint Charbonneau play?
He was accompanied on a keelboat to st.louis as and interpreter.
Describe the significance of sacagawea in the exploration of the west.
She was an interpreter that helped the people befriend the Shoshone.
What was the continental divide?
The ridge of the Rockies that separates the streams that flow east into MS valley from those that flow west of the pacific.
How was Lewis a “considerate” leader?
He treated all of the members fairly.
What were Lewis and Clark’s major achievements?
They discovered the Missouri river’s true course, found passes through the Rockies,discovered and brought back many new plants, proved the continent was bigger than thought, and discovered many Indian tribes.
Describe Pike’s adventures.
He traveled up the MS, searching for the river’s source. His party traveled up the Arkansas river and sighted a mountain in Colorado later named Pike’s Peak.
Who began to capture American ships?
The French and British
What kind of ships did we have?
We had small inexpensive warships that did not make an impact on naval battles.
Who could impress any citizen into the navy in a national emergency?
The Royal Navy
What did press gangs do?
They stormed the sea shores in search of men to work their ships, often drunken men were kidnapped.
Who did the press gangs sometimes take accidentally?
The Americans instead of the British, but the Americans had no way of proving their identity and spoke the same as the British so their warnings were often ignored.
What did the embargo act do?
Banned all exports from the US and US ships could sail from port to port only in the US for selling goods,and this hurt the economy, caused unemployment,and ship building came to a standstill.
What became an often practice on America?
Breaking the rules of the embargo act and smuggling;sailors would secretly sail to a foreign country. This act could not be enforced.
Who is elected president in 1806?
James Madison
What is the non-intercourse act?
It overruled the embargo act and let ships sell their good in foreign countries except to France and Britain(this was also ignored)
What was Macon’s Bill Number Two?
Removed all restrictions on trade with England and France. Also, if one country would stop attacking, America would boycott the other country as a favor.
Who dominated the seas?
Britain and their navy. So little trade with France actually happened, but the British kept imprisoning American soldiers. Policies to avoid war were failing and war was the next option.
