Ch.3, Birth/Newborn

Question 1

Mucus plug

Answer 1

lost two days before labour

Question 2

Difference between Braxton hicks contractions and real ones

Answer 2

Braxton Hicks Contractions: decrease as woman walks, real labor increases with walking

Question 3

APGAR Assessment

Answer 3

Appearance (looking for blue color), pulse (less than 100 bpm or mor than 100bpm), grimace (cry on stimulation or grimace), activity (flexed limbs that resist extension), respiration (strong cry vs weak and irregular)

Question 4

Newborn Anoxia:

Answer 4

temporary lack of oxygen to the brain

Question 5

Preterm vs postmature

Answer 5

Preterm Baby, less than 37 weeks (smoking, vaginal infections), Postmature: not born by 42 weeks,

Question 6

Brain weight at birth

Answer 6

At birth, brain is about 25% of its adult weight (ONLY BODY PART THAT DOES THIS

Question 7

6th Month, Period of Fetus

Answer 7

6th month, fetuses can hear; move and respond to different sounds
Taste preferences may begin in the 6th month
Cravings in pregnancy can fluctuate, if there are some cravings consistent across pregnancy, might mean that this is taste preference of fetus might be occurring
Sensitivity to light develops
Nervous system is fairly developed

Question 8

7th Month, Age of Viability

Answer 8

If there is a premature birth at this point, life can be sustained
Advanced lung development crucial to survival
Enough brain specialization for survival
Body temperature regulation is getting better; still need an incubator at this point but way better than before 7 months
Before 22 weeks, not a good chance of survival: because before this there is not enough lung development

Question 9

8th Month

Answer 9

When babies put on fat
The lanugo sheds (body hair), because now they no longer need it
Vernix also dissipates
Cardiovascular system is maturing

Question 10

9 Month; birth position

Answer 10

Get in position for birth
Head down, infant and parent are belly to belly and legs are up
Crown of head: facing away from parent; otherwise it will put extreme amount of pressure on parents tailbone
Need to be head first, otherwise they might have lack of oxygen, or they don’t fit through the birthing canal
Tactile sensations go through: massage their back and they will feel it
Baby bump drops; head drops, head puts pressure on birth canal

Question 11

why is stress worse than cigarettes

Answer 11

Stress increases cortisol: also reduces oxygen to the fetus, CAN BE WORSE THAN CIGARETTES***

Question 12

Biggest cause of death in pregnant women:

Answer 12

preeclampsia, disease in placenta, leads to hypertension and swelling in your heart, likely will get put on bedrest (if this still doesn’t work, induce labour early) if its between woman or baby it should be woman being saved

Question 13

Uterus measurements and purpose

Answer 13

mons pelvic bone (right above genitalia) measure from mons up to top of uterus (can estimate how far along you were), if development stops they will likely induce labour

Question 14

when is the only time that alcohol is “safe” during pregnancy

Answer 14

THE ONLY TIME ALCOHOL IS SAFE IS WHEN ALCOHOL IS BETTER THAN SELF-HARM:

Question 15

Labour Stage One (include all 3 substages)

Answer 15

Labour Stage 1, Part One, Early Labour, Birth
Baby moves to cervix; head drops, puts a lot of pressure on the bladder
baby ‘s head against the cervix triggers hormones in the mother: start to trigger uterine muscles for contractions
Braxton-Hicks false contractions, come from the side of the uterus
Amniotic fluid pushes against cervix
10-16 hours: less for 2nd child
No pain yet
Contractions are week and irregular
Cervix gets to about 5cm
Labour Stage 1, Part Two, Active Labour
Starts to get painful
Lasts 2-8 hours
Contractions are strong and regular
Cervix is 7-8cm dilated
Labour Stage 1, Part Three, Transition
Most painful part
Crowning: biggest part of the head through narrowest part of the birth canal
Contractions extreme and constant
Cervix 10cm dilated

Question 16

Labour Stage 2

Answer 16

Pushing
Baby moves down birth canal
Crowning
Have to make sure they’re not sideways
Not allowed to put legs down while pushing

Question 17

Labour Stage 3

Answer 17

Afterbirth, 10-20 mins
Placenta comes out
Other support structures
If it won’t come out, breastfeed: it will start the contractions again and get placenta out, if not, they will have to operate

Question 18

When is Pitocin given during pregnancy and why?

Answer 18

Infant never goes down and presses against cervix: might have to induce labour (IV, pitocin is artificial oxytocin and causes contractions)

Question 19

Cephalopelvic Disproportion

Answer 19

baby’s head won’t fit through the smallest space in the pelvis (risk in teenage pregnancy, if the dad is much bigger than the mom/ carrying baby too big for her, interracial couples)

Question 20

Why is preeclampsia more of a problem when it occurs during labour rather than before?

Answer 20

easier to treat before; heart can go into cardiac arrest during or after labour (if its not detected until labour, take her right into a c-section then get her stabilized)

Question 21

Risks of prolapsed umbilical cord

Answer 21

Prolapsed Umbilical Cord: if umbilical cord gets tangled, might lose oxygen

Question 22

risks of c section for mother

Answer 22

Incision made through abdomen
Increased bleeding and risk of infection, increases healing time
C-sections were over-recommended in earlier 90s, used to automatically book c-sections for second pregnancies
Hemorrhage can happen during vaginal and c-sections:

Question 23

Three methods of pain management during birth

Answer 23

Nitrous oxide: laughing gas, doesn’t impact fetus, worse anxiety = morning sickness is worse and contractions worse
Narcotics: can impact the offspring, has to be done at certain point in active labor, not in transition or stage 2 (otherwise baby will also feel high from narcotics and this is problematic)
Epidural: spine with syringe of anesthesia, numbs everything from point of injection down (has to be done right at the start of active labour) PROBLEM: CAN’T FEEL WHEN TO PUSH, dramatically increased chances you might need a c-section and delays deliver

Question 24

What scores on the APGAR test are viable?

Answer 24

SCORE OF AT LEAST 7-10
BETWEEN 3-7 MAY NOT SURVIVE
SCORE OF 0 - LIKELY NOT TO SURVIVE AT ALL

Question 25

what is low birth weight classified as?

Answer 25

less than 3.3. Pounds, NICU resources must be intensive to help them to get through