Ch.2 History

Question 1

Testing in Middle Ages

Answer 1

-“Who was in with the devil?”

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Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

• Origin of Species
• natural selection of genes
• spurred scientific interest in individual differences

Question 3

Francis Galton

Answer 3

• the coefficient of correlation
• credited with devising tools of psych assessment
• brought interest in measurement of psychology

Question 4

William Wundt

Answer 4

• Medical Doctor
• view differences as frustratining source of error
• created control of extraneous variables

Question 5

Raymond Catell

Answer 5

• coined term “mental test”
  -founded publications ( Psychological review, Science, and AMerican Men of Science)
  -founded psychological corporation
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Question 6

First Testing When & Where?

Answer 6

2200 BC China, screening for jobs

Question 7

David Wechsler

Answer 7

• 1939 introduced test to measure adult intelligence

- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Question 8

Robert S Woodworth

Answer 8

• assigned to develop personality test during WWI
• Developed Personal Data Sheet “Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory
• one of first to use self-report

Question 9

self-report

Answer 9

process whereby assesses themselves supply assessment related info by responding to questions or self monitoring

Question 10

Projective Test

Answer 10

• individual “projects” onto abmigugous stimuli his or her own unique outlook
• Ex. Inkblot

Question 11

Culture

Answer 11

socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, and products of work of a particular population, community, or group of people

Question 12

Henry Goddard

Answer 12

• raised questions about testing people from other cultures
• tested immigrants and found that majority were feebleminded
• test overestimated mental deficiency

Question 13

culture-sepcific tests

Answer 13

test designed for use with people from one culture but not another

Question 14

Eguenics

Answer 14

science of improving the qualities of a breed

Question 15

Verbal Communication

Answer 15

• testing and assessment can be conflicted when language barriers are present
• translators create unique challenges due to lack of testing knowledge or subtle nuances being lost in translation

Question 16

Cultural Non-Verbal communication & behavior

Answer 16

• body language and other customs of cultures differ from one another
• Ex. Eye contact ( US respectful but Asia disrespectful)

Question 17

psychoanalysis

Answer 17

• Developed by Sigmund Freud
• theory of personality & psychological treatment
• symbolic significance assigned to non verbal acts

Question 18

Standards of Evaluation

Answer 18

• Standards vary culture to culture

- What is help important to one may not hold true for another culture

Question 19

Individualist culture

Answer 19

Culture characterized by value being place on traits of the individual

• autonomy
• self-reliance
• expression of self
• competitiveness

Question 20

collectivist culture

Answer 20

Culture that places emphasis group focused traits

• conformity
• group goals
• whats better for the whole not the individual

Question 21

Tests & Group Membership

Answer 21

• Belonging to a group can effect assessment of certain test takers
• ## General differences of two cultures of groups of individuals can lead to test-related discrimination

Question 22

affirmative action

Answer 22

voluntary and mandatory efforts undertaken by institutions to promote equal opportunity and combat discrimination.