Ch 7 Vocab Flashcards
associative complex hypothesis
Theory that each example of a meaning category shares something with a core concept. In other words, there are common elements in the meanings of “pants,” “shirt,” “shoes,” and “hat” that classify each as clothing. Vygontskyan concept.
consonant/cluster reduction
Phonological process seen in preschool children in which one or more consonants are deleted from a cluster of two or more in order to simply production.
fast mapping
Quick, sketchy, and tentative formation of a link btw a particular referent and a new name that enables a child to have access to and use to word in an immediate although somewhat limited way. Gradually, the meaning of the referent widens as the word is freed from aspects of the initial context.
functional-core hypothesis
Theory that word meanings represent dynamic relationships, such as actions or functional uses, rather than static perceptual traits. Concept usually associated with Nelson.
language socialization
Process of learning language and culture through interactions with caregivers and others. Language is central to the process of learning culture, and cultural patterns teach children the appropriate way to communicate.
lexicon
Individual dictionary of each person containing words and the underlying concepts of each. The lexicon is dynamic, changing with experience.
neighborhood density
The number of possible words that differ by one phoneme and a factor characteristic in shaping a child’s emerging lexical system.
open syllable
Syllable, usually CV, ending in a vowel.
overextension
Process in which a child applies a word’s meaning to more exemplars than an adult would. The child’s definition is too broad and is thus beyond acceptable adult usage.
phonotactic probability
The likelihood of phonemes appearing together and/or in certain locations in words.
prototypic complex hypothesis
Theory that word meanings represent an underlying concept exemplified by a central referent, or prototype, that is a best exemplar of a composite of the concept.
presupposition
Process of assuming which information a listener possesses or may need.
reduplication
Phonological process in which child repeats one syllable in a multisyllabic word, as in producing “wawa” for “water.”
semantic-feature hypothesis
Theory that word meanings represent universal semantic features or attributes, such as animate/inanimate and male/female. For young children, meanings represent perceptual attributes. Hypothesis usually associated with Clark.
underextension
Process in which a child applies a word meaning to fewer exemplars than an adult would. The child’s definition is too restrictive and more limited than in adult usage.
