Ch 7: Muscles & Joints

Question 1

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer 1

measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle

Question 2

3 types of muscles

Answer 2

skeletal

smooth

cardiac

Question 3

arthralgia

Answer 3

pain in the joints

Question 4

ataxia

Answer 4

without muscular coordination

Question 5

atrophy

Answer 5

wasting away

literally ‘without development’

Question 6

autonomic nervous system

Answer 6

regulates involuntary vital function, including activity

of the cardiac, smooth muscle & glands

Question 7

bradykinesia

Answer 7

abnormally slow movement

Question 8

characteristics of:

cardiac muscle

(two)

Answer 8

1. striated
2. specialized muscle that forms the wall of the heart

Question 9

characteristics of:

skeletal muscle

(three)

Answer 9

1. striated muscle
2. voluntary muscle
3. mainly work in pairs; contraction & relaxation

Question 10

characteristics of:

smooth muscle

(three)

Answer 10

1. visceral
2. involuntary
3. regulated by hormones & the autonomic nervous system.

Question 11

contracture

Answer 11

an abnormal–often permanent–bending of a joint into a fixed position;

usually caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers

Question 12

dors/o

Answer 12

back

Question 13

dyskinesia

Answer 13

condition in which there is impaired movement;

‘bad’ or ‘difficult’ movement

Question 14

epicondylitis

Answer 14

painful inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow;

also known as ‘tennis elbow’

Question 15

fascia

(three)

Answer 15

1. connective tissue
2. a thin casing that surrounds and hold every organ, blood vessel, nerve fiber, and muscle in place
3. has nerves that make it almost as sensitive as skin

Question 16

fibromyalgia

Answer 16

a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain throughout much of the body, muscle spsams, fatigue, and muscle stiffness

Question 17

hemiparesis

Answer 17

slight or partial paralysis of one half of the body

Question 18

hemiplegia

Answer 18

paralysis of one half of the body

Question 19

insertion

Answer 19

the point of attachment to the bone it moves

(‘point of insertion’ for the muscle)

Question 20

multipennate

Answer 20

a type of pennate muscle wherein the diagonal muslce fibers are in multiple rows with the central tendon branching into two or more tendons

Question 21

muscle fiber

Answer 21

consist of an individual muscle cell

Question 22

myocele

Answer 22

herniation of muscle through the fascia surrounding it

Question 23

myoparesis

Answer 23

slight or partial paralysis of a muscle

Question 24

origin

Answer 24

the point of attachment to the bone that moves less freely

(‘point of origin’ for the muscle)

Question 25

paraplegia

Answer 25

paralysis of the lower extremities of the body;

usually due to spinal cord injuries

Question 26

pector/o

Answer 26

chest

Question 27

pelvic girdle weakness

Answer 27

weakness of the muscles extend the hip and knee;

seen in muscular dystrophy

Question 28

pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy;

or Duchenne’s muscular dsytrophy

Answer 28

characterized by progressive weakness and muscle fiber degeneration without evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue

Question 29

quadriplegia

Answer 29

paralysis of all four extremities & the trunk of the body;

caused by injury to the spinal cord at the level of the cervical vertebrae

Question 30

sarcopenia

Answer 30

loss of skeletal muscle that occurs with aging

Question 31

striated muscles,

with examples

Answer 31

muscles that have a striped appearance under a microscope;

skeletal & cardiac

Question 32

tendon

Answer 32

a strong, fibrous band of tissue that extends from a muscle and attaches the muscle to a bone

Question 33

the articulation

(two)

Answer 33

made up of the origin & the insertion

Question 35

edema

Answer 35

swelling

Question 36

muscle biopsy

Answer 36

extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue through eigher a biopsy needle or incisional biopsy

Question 37

electromyography

Answer 37

records the strength of the contraction of a muscle wehen it is stimulated by an electrical current

Question 38

IM

Answer 38

intramuscular

Question 39

MD

Answer 39

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 40

DTR

Answer 40

Deep tendon reflexes

Question 41

EMG

Answer 41

electromyography