Ch. 7

Question 1

Adipose cells

Answer 1

Cells that store fat from foods and grow larger as they store additional fat

Question 2

Amino acids

Answer 2

Chemical building blocks of proteins that link together in many arrangements

Question 3

Cholesterol

Answer 3

Fat-like substances in all body cells; needed for many essential body processes.

Question 4

Complete proteins

Answer 4

Proteins that contain all essential amino acids

Question 5

Essential amino acids

Answer 5

Amino acids that the body needs but cannot provide; obtained from foods

Question 6

Fatty acids

Answer 6

Chemical structures that make up fats

Question 7

HDL

Answer 7

Lipoprotein that picks up cholesterol and takes it back to the liver for excretion; “good” cholesterol

Question 8

Hemoglobin

Answer 8

Protein with globular shape; transports oxygen in blood to all body cells

Question 9

Hydrogenation

Answer 9

Chemical process that turns vegetable oils into sugars

Question 10

Incomplete proteins

Answer 10

Plant proteins that lack at least one essential amino acids

Question 11

LDL

Answer 11

Lipoprotein that takes takes cholesterol from liver to where needed in the body; can accumulate too much; considered “bad” cholesterol

Question 12

Lipoproteins

Answer 12

Chemical “packages” that transport fatty acids through bloodstream

Question 13

Monounsaturated saturated fatty acids

Answer 13

Unsaturated fatty acids with one hydrogen unit missing

Question 14

Omega-3 fatty acids

Answer 14

Fatty acids in fish oils, especially fatty fish; may lower risk of heart disease

Question 15

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 15

Unsaturated fatty acids with two or more hydrogen units missing

Question 16

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 16

Fatty acids that contains all the hydrogen it can chemically hold

Question 17

Trans fat

Answer 17

Fats produces when oils are turned into solid food production; they increase LDL cholesterol levels and may lower HDL

Question 18

Triglycerides

Answer 18

Type of lipid, commonly called fats