ch 7 Flashcards
continuity
both humans and animals represent one natural world and must be subject to similar laws
what did morgan believe about animals
argued that animals, like humans, possess many mental abilities, such as reason, creativity, and moral judgment.
anthropomorphism
Portraying animal behavior in human terms
who introduced the term comparative psychology
george J romanes
who coined the term tropism
Jacques Loeb
tropism
claims that physical, chemical, biological and social forces influence organism
Laws of Effect (thorndike)
responses that produce favorable outcomes are learned, and are easier to be recalled
-behaviors w/ pos. responses will most likely be repeated
the learning curve (thorndike)
described the dynamic of learning being a habit. also indicates the connection between learning + the time it takes to learn
connectionism (thorndike)
there are connections between situations and responses
highest nervous activity (pavlov)
physiological activities of the brain’s cortex
pavlov introduced 2 categories of reflexes
unconditioned and conditioned
Unconditioned Reflexes (pavlov)
the reflexes associated with the direct influence of a substance on the receptors within the mouth.
conditioned reflexes
reflexes that only occur under 2 conditions:
1. specific situation, or a specific environment in which the reflex is formed.
2. the existence of the unconditioned reflex.
second signaling system
language as a form of communication in contrast to the 1st signaling system, such as the signal of food
to explain how the brain develop conditioned reflexes, pavlov sued the concept of
- excitement: activation of the nervous system
- inhibition: deactivation of the nervous system
