Ch. 6: Youth and Deviance

Question 1

What is the difference between ‘troubled’ and ‘troubling’ youth?

Answer 1

Troubled = @ risk to themselves
Troubling = @ risk to others

Question 2

According to Bryan Hogeveen, what does a ‘troubled’ young offender need?

Answer 2

Intervention with hopes of being rehabilitated

Question 3

According to Bryan Hogeveen, what does a ‘troublesome’ young offender require?

Answer 3

Punishment in order to make them accountable for their criminal acts

Question 4

There is a strong correlation between criminal activity and ________ and ________.

Answer 4

gender; age

Question 5

Between what ages does the most crime occur?

Answer 5

12-30

Question 6

The total crime rate is _______ while the violent crime rate is ________.

Answer 6

decreasing; increasing

Question 7

Youth crime + severity is dramatically ____________ over the last 2 decades.

Answer 7

decreasing

Question 8

What are the top 3 most common offences in Canada today?

Answer 8

1. Assault level 1
2. Mischief
3. Shoplifting under $5000

Question 9

What was the first act for youths in the Canadian Justice System?

Answer 9

Juvenile Delinquency Act

Question 10

What 3 critiques were made of the JDA?

Answer 10

1. Too expensive
2. “Too soft” on youth crime
3. Children not adequately supervised by probation officers

Question 11

Which act was based on the fact that sometimes the state has to parent the child through probation officers?

Answer 11

JDA

Question 12

What 2 things did the Young Offenders Act focus on?

Answer 12

Youth responsibility + societal protection

Question 13

According to the Young Offenders Act, youth are _____ and ______.

Answer 13

Troubled; punishable

Question 14

Which act was LESS sympathetic than the JDA?

Answer 14

YOA

Question 15

What were 3 failures of the YOA?

Answer 15

1. Incarcerated too many kids
2. Conflicting principles (why have the act if treating them as adults?)
3. Focus of protecting society vs. young people + their families

Question 16

What type of approach did the Youth Criminal Justice Act allow for first time, less serious offenders?

Answer 16

Sympathetic

Question 17

What was the goal of the Restorative Justice Program?

Answer 17

To hold offender accountable without labelling them as a criminal

Question 18

What 3 principles is the Restorative Justice Program baed on?

Answer 18

1. Respect
2. Compassion
3. Inclusivity

Question 19

Through what program is the offender much LESS likely to offend again?

Answer 19

Restorative Justice Program

Question 20

Which brain structure is involved in impulsivity and ‘thrill-seeking?’

Answer 20

Nucleus Accumbens

Question 21

Resilience, athleticism, and pro-social behaviours are all _______ factors for youth deviance.

Answer 21

Protective

Question 22

The gender gap results from _____ processes and _____ positions.

Answer 22

Cultural; structural

Question 23

According to the Differential Socialization Theory, the number one factor for the gender gap is:

Answer 23

Socializing girls and boys differently

Question 24

Most violent males are those who are most ___________.

Answer 24

Disadvantaged

Question 25

What are 4 reasons why people are less likely to commit crime as they grow older?

Answer 25

1. Physiological limitations
2. Jobs + marriage
3. People depend on us
4. More socially responsible

Question 26

What is the best community to live in so it can serve as a protective factor?

Answer 26

One with mixed socio-economic backgrounds (neither marked by poverty or wealth)