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Rad Protection > Ch. 6 - Biology > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Biology Flashcards

1
Q

In a DNA macromolecule, the sequence of __________ determines the characteristics of every living thing.

A

Nitrogenous bases

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2
Q

Where does protein synthesis occur in the human cell?

A

In the ribosomes

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3
Q

DNA regulates cellular activity indirectly by reproducing itself in the form of ______ to carry genetic information from the cell nucleus to ribosomes located in the cytoplasm.

A

Messenger RNA

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4
Q

Whis of the following is a process of reduction cell division?

A

Meiosis

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5
Q

Interphase consists of:

A

G1, S, and G2

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6
Q

Radiation-induced chromosome damage can be evaluated during…

A

Metaphase

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7
Q

Antibodies are produced by the…

A

Lymphocytes

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8
Q

What is considered the building block in the synthesizing of proteins?

A

Amino Acids

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9
Q

The small segments of the DNA molecule that determines the characteristics of each cell are called…

A

Genes

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10
Q

Where would the majority of RNA molecules be found in a human cell?

A

The nucleoulus

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11
Q

An alteration in the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule will result in…

A

A mutation

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12
Q

How many matched pairs of chromosomes does a human somatic cell contain?

A

23

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13
Q

What is the name of the stage of cell division that is commonly referred to as the resting stage?

A

Interphase

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14
Q

Where do the metabolic functions of a cell take place?

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

Which of the following is a type of damage that can occur to a DNA molecule when exposed to radiation?

  1. Change in the genetic code
  2. Breakage of the chromosome
  3. Breakage of the DNA molecule
A

All of the choices.

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16
Q

What described the shape of a DNA molecule?

A

Double helix

17
Q

Which of the following is not a stage of somatic cell division?

a. ) Prophase
b. ) Metaphase
c. ) Nanophase
d. ) Telophase

A

c.) Nanophase

18
Q

What do the letters “DNA” stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

19
Q

The information that cells require for metabolism is coded in what?

A

RNA molecules

20
Q

Which of the following are the two bases that are the building blocks of both types of nucleic acids?

a. ) Purines and pyrimidines
b. ) Adenine and thymine
c. ) Adenine and guanine
d. ) Ribose and deoxyribose

A

a.) Purines and Pyrimidines

21
Q

What pyrimidine will always pair with the purine adenine?

A

Thymine

22
Q

What is the process of cell division of the reproductive (genetic) cells called?

A

Meiosis

23
Q

During mitosis, each chromosome splits in half. What are the two halves called?

A

Chromatids

24
Q

A chromosome that has been damaged by radiation may cause which of the following?

  1. A mutation
  2. Cell death
  3. Sterilization
A

All of the choices

25
Q

What is the process of cell division of somatic cells called?

A

Mitosis

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