CH 5 - Textile Fibers Flashcards
What are some common properties natural cellulosic fibers have?
High absorbency High moth resistance Low flame resistance Low resiliency Low mildew resistance Exhibit no static buildup Stronger when wet
Name the most common cellulosic fibers.
Cotton Cork Flax Hemp Jute Ramie (grass cloth/China grass) Sisal (from leaves of the agave or yucca plant) Abaca (from Abaca plant of the banana family) Pina (from leaves of pineapple plant) Coir (from coconut shell)
Name the most common protein fibers.
Silk Wool Alpaca Mohair Angora Camel Llama Cashmere
List the four major groups of manufactured fibers.
1) regenerated fibers
2) synthetic fibers
3) mineral fibers
4) biopolymer fibers
List the stages of manufactured fibers.
1) . Preparation of the fiber forming solution (dope)
2) . Extrusion (solution forced through a spinneret like a shower head)
3) The fiber is solidified using a variety of spinning techniques (air, hot or cold water)
What are the four ways fiber modifications can be made with manufactured fibers?
1) the spinneret can be changed to produce fibers of different sizes and shapes
2) . The fiber’s molecular structure and orientation can be changed to enhance fiber durability
3) . Components (additives) including other fibers can be added to the fiber solution
4) . Varied spinning processes can enhance fiber characteristics.
The original artificial silk that was produced in the early 1900’s was renamed what in order to get rid of the negative connotation of the word “artificial”?
Rayon
What is another name for rayon?
Viscose
What is Acetate made from and what is it’s major problem?
Made from trees, cotton linters, or bamboo.
Major problem of gasfastness, meaning exposure to such gaseous pollutants or air contaminants as oxides of nitrogen or sulfur, some dyed acetate fabrics permanently change color. It’s very heat sensitive and you have to be cautious with high temperatures to avoid melting.
What are some variations of rayon?
Lyocell or Tercel
Modal - from beech trees
Bamboo rayon
What is a regenerated protein fiber?
Made from naturally occurring protein polymers.
Azlon
Soy silk is Azlon made out of soybean residue from tofu manufacturing.
What are synthetic fibers made from?
Natural gas, oil, and coal
Name some synthetic fibers.
Acrylic Modacrylic Nylon Olefin Polyester Polyurethane Spandex PVC (vinyl) (Vinson)
What are biopolymer fibers?
Regenerated fiber that offers the easy care and durability performance characteristics fo synthetics, while claiming to incorporate the sustainability attribute of replacing a portion of the petrochemical makeup with natural, renewable sourced components
What is PLA?
Polylactic acid, which is a manufacture dextrose produced from corn
Comfortable hand; excellent absorbency and resiliency; solid-resistant, high UV resistance,
Gives of fewer toxic chemical than p
