Ch 48: Musculoskeletal Systems

Question 0

Vertebrate muscle for voluntary movement…

Answer 0

Skeletal

Question 1

Three types of vertebrate muscle…

Answer 1

• skeletal
• cardiac
• smooth

Question 2

Vertebrate muscle for heart beat…

Answer 2

Cardiac

Question 3

Vertebrate muscle for involuntary movement of internal organs

Answer 3

Smooth

Question 4

Skeletal muscle cells are called…

-large and multinucleate

Answer 4

Muscle fibers

Question 5

Muscle fibers form from fusion of embryonic…

Answer 5

Myoblasts

Question 6

One muscle consists of many muscle fibers bundled together by…

Answer 6

Connective tissue

Question 7

2 contractile proteins:

Answer 7

• actin

- myosin

Question 8

Thin filaments

Answer 8

Actin

Question 9

Thick filaments

Answer 9

Myosin

Question 10

• each muscle finer has several…

- bundles if actin and myosin filament

Answer 10

Myofibrils

Question 11

Each myofibril consists of…

• repeating units of overlapping actin and myosin fibers
• create distinct banding pattern

Answer 11

Sarcomeres

Question 12

Each sarcomere is bounded by…

-anchor actin

Answer 12

Z lines

Question 13

Parts of sarcomere

Answer 13

• Z lines
• A band
• H zone and I band
• M band

Question 14

• Center of sarcomere

- contains all myosin

Answer 14

A band

Question 15

• part f sarcomere
• no overlap of actin and myosin
• (light)

Answer 15

H zone and I band

Question 16

• part of sarcomere
• located within H zone
• contains proteins that help hold myosin filaments in regular arrangement
• (dark)

Answer 16

M band

Question 17

• Largest protein in the body

- runs the full length if the sarcomere (from Z line to Z line)

Answer 17

Titin

Question 18

Bundles of myosin filaments are held in the center of the sarcomeres by…

Answer 18

Titin

Question 19

When muscle contracts, sarcomeres ….. and band pattern …..

Answer 19

Shorten, changes

Question 20

…… of muscle contraction depends in structure if actin and myosin molecules

Answer 20

Sliding filament model

Question 21

Myosin molecule has ……. coiled together, engine in a globular head

Answer 21

2 polypeptide chains

Question 22

Myosin moodle clue has 2 polypeptide chains coiled together, ending in a …..

Answer 22

Globular head

Question 23

Myosin filament is many molecules in ….

Answer 23

Parallel

Question 24

Actin filament is ……. in a long, twisted molecule

Answer 24

Actin monomers

Question 25

Twists around actin

Answer 25

Tropomyosin

Question 26

Attached at intervals to tropomyosin

Answer 26

Troponin

Question 27

….. can bind specific sites on actin molecules to form cross bridges

Answer 27

Myosin heads

Question 28

Myosin changes conformation causing actin filament to ……

Answer 28

Slide 5-10 nm

Question 29

Muscle membranes are ….

-membranes can conduct AP

Answer 29

Excitable

Question 30

Muscle contraction is initiated by AP from a motor neuron at the ……

Answer 30

Neuromuscular junction

Question 31

A —– all the muscle fibers activated by one motor neuron

Answer 31

Motor unit

Question 32

Actin-myosin interactions are controlled by —–

Answer 32

Ca2+

Question 33

3 subunits of Troponin:

Answer 33

1. Binds to actin
2. Binds to tropomyosin
3. Binds to Ca2+

Question 34

To increase strength of muscle contraction:

Answer 34

1. Increase rate of firing of motor neuron

2. Recruit more motor neurons to fire (more motor units activated)

Question 35

—– descend into sarcoplasm

Answer 35

T tubules

Question 36

Muscle fiber cytoplasm

Answer 36

Sarcoplasm

Question 37

T tubules descend into —–

Answer 37

Sarcoplasm

Question 38

T tubules run close to the —-

- closed compartment that surrounds every myofibril

Answer 38

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

“Smooth ER of muscle”

Answer 39

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

Sarcoplasmic reticulum has —– pumps

Answer 40

Ca2+

Question 41

At rest Ca2+ concentration is higher in —– and lower in —–

Answer 41

Sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasm