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Biology > Ch 4 P I > Flashcards

Ch 4 P I Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A tiny passageway that allows for the transport of proteins, RNA, and solutes between the nucleus

A

Nuclear pore

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2
Q

A dark staining area within the nucleus

A

Nucleolus

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3
Q

The nucleolus is responsible for

A

Manufacturing RNA that is necessary for the synthesis of ribosomal subunits

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4
Q

Threads of DNA associated with special proteins is called

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

When a cell is preparing for division what happens to the invisible chromatin

A

It condenses

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6
Q

A single wrapped DNA-histone complex is termed

A

Nucleosome

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7
Q

The condensed form of chromatin is

A

Chromosome

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8
Q

Each side of the DNA is composed of alternating

A

sugar and phosphate groups

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9
Q

The 2 sides of DNA are not identical but they are

A

Complementary

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10
Q

The backbones of DNA are bonded together by

A

Hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

In a DNA molecule Adenine is always associated with

A

T

Thymine

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12
Q

In a DNA molecule Thymine is always associated with

A

A

Adenine

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13
Q

In a DNA molecule Guanine is always associated with

A

C

Cytosine

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14
Q

In a DNA molecule Cytosine is always associated with

A

Guanine

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15
Q

The copying of DNA that occurs before cellular division is termed

A

DNA replication

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16
Q

In which stage does the separation of the 2 strands of DNA occur

A

Initiation

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17
Q

A special enzyme that permanently separates the DNA strands

A

Helicase

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18
Q

During which stage is DNA synthesised base by base

A

Elongation

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19
Q

A special enzyme that is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the complement DNA strand

A

DNA polymerase

20
Q

In which stage of DNA replication do you expect to find DNA polymerase working

A

Elongation

21
Q

Proteins that help speed up biochemical reactions within a cell

A

Enzymes

22
Q

A cells full complement of proteins is termed

A

Proteome

23
Q

A functional segment of DNA that provides genetic information for protein synthesis

A

A gene

24
Q

The process that transforms information coded on a gene to a final product is termed

A

Gene expression

25
Q

How many DNA bases code for a certain amino acid

A

3

26
Q

3 successive bases in the DNA code for

A

An amino acid

27
Q

Protein synthesis takes place in

A

The cytoplasm

28
Q

The complementary base to adenine in RNA should be

A

Thymine

29
Q

The synthesis of a strand of mRNA that is complementary to the gene of interest is termed

A

Transcription

30
Q

The genes on the section of DNA that will be used as a template are

A

Non-coding genes

31
Q

Three bases of mRNA are referred to as

A

Codon

32
Q

A particular sequence on the DNA that triggers the start of transcription

A

Promoter

33
Q

A special enzyme that unwinds parts of the DNA

A

RNA polymerase

34
Q

A special enzyme that is responsible for adding new nucleotides to a growing mRNA strands

A

RNA polymerase

35
Q

A sequence of DNA that indicates the end of transcription

A

Terminator

36
Q

A sequence of DNA that is responsible for the release of the mRNA strand at the end of transcription

A

Terminator

37
Q

At the end of transcription the result is

A

Pre-mRNA

38
Q

Expressed sequences on the mRNA strand are called

A

Exons

39
Q

Unexpressed sequences on the mRNA strand are called

A

Introns

40
Q

A process that precisely removes intervening sequences from pre-mRNA

A

Splicing

41
Q

The process of synthesising a chain of amino acids is called

A

Translation

42
Q

A type of RNA that binds with specific proteins to form the ribosome

A

rRNA

43
Q

Ribosomes exist in the cytoplasm as

A

Small & large subunits

44
Q

A type of RNA that transfers the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome

A

tRNA

45
Q

The 3 bases present on the tRNA are referred to as

A

Anticodon

46
Q

Initiation in translation tales place when

A

A ribosome binds to an mRNA

47
Q

A string of ribosomes translating a single mRNA strand

A

Polyribosome

Biology (3 decks)

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