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NUR 113 > CH 4 - Fluid Electrolyte Balance (113) > Flashcards

CH 4 - Fluid Electrolyte Balance (113) Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid and electrolyte balance is a ________ process that is crucial for

A

dynamic, life and homeostasis.

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2
Q

normal pH range

A

7.35 to 7.45

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3
Q

60% of weight - typical adult consists of

A

fluid

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4
Q

fluid is made up of

A

water and electrolytes

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5
Q

Factors that influence the amount of body fluid are

A

age, gender, and body fat.

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6
Q

younger people have a higher percentage of

A

body fluid than older people,

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7
Q

men have proportionately more _____ than women

A

body fluid

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8
Q

obese have less fluid than those who are thin because

A

fat cells contain little water

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9
Q

Body fluid is located in

A

two fluid compartments: ICS & ECS

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10
Q

intracellular space (ICS)

A

fluid inside the cells)

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11
Q

extracellular space (ECS)

A

fluid outside the cells).

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12
Q

Approximately two thirds of body fluid is intracellular fluid (ICF) and is located primarily in

A

the skeletal muscle mass;

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13
Q

ECF compartment is further divided into (3)

A

intravascular, interstitial, transcellular fluid spaces

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14
Q

one third of ______ is in the extracellular fluid (ECF).

A

Body fluid

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15
Q

intravascular space (IVS)

A

fluid within the blood vessels
AKA PLASMA

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16
Q

Plasma is made up of

A

water, along with molecules, electrolytes, and proteins, minus blood cells and platelets.

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17
Q

__ L of the average __ L of blood volume is made up of plasma, which has a___ __ ___

A

3.5
6
straw-colored appearance.

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18
Q

. SO WHICH PATIENTS WOULD YOU EXPECT TO DEHYDRATE MORE QUICKLY

A

PREEMIES AND NEWBORNS
THE ELDERLY ESPECIALLY ELDERLY, OBESE WOMEN!

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19
Q

PREEMIES AND NEWBORNS (CAN ALSO

A

OVER HYDRATE QUICKLY)

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20
Q

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
(OUTSIDE THE CELLS)
* TRANSPORTS WHAT

A

NUTRIENTS / WASTES

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21
Q

_________-TO THE CELL AND CARRIES WASTE PRODUCTS AWAY FROM THE CELLS BY MEANS OF THE CAPILLARY BED

A

TO THE CELL AND CARRIES WASTE PRODUCTS AWAY FROM THE CELLS BY MEANS OF THE CAPILLARY BED

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22
Q

_________TO THE CELL AND CARRIES _______ PRODUCTS AWAY FROM THE CELLS BY MEANS OF THE ________

A

NUTRIENTS
WASTES
CAPILLARY BED

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23
Q

INTERSTITIAL FLUID

A

SURROUNDS EACH CELL OF THE BODY, EVEN BONE CELLS

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24
Q

INTRAVASCULAR FLUID

A

SURROUNDSTHECELLS OF THE BLOOD – MOST OF THE BLOOD VOLUME

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25
Q

WHICH FLUID MAKES UP MOST OF THE BLOOD VOLUME

A

INTRAVASCULAR FLUID

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26
Q

TRANSCELLULAR FLUID ENCLOSED BY

A

ENDOTHELIAL MEMBRANE

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27
Q

TRANSCELLULAR FLUID INCLUDES

A

CEREBROSPINAL
* PERICARDIAL
* PANCREATIC
* PLEURAL
* INTRAOCULAR
* BILIARY
* PERITONEAL
* SYNOVIAL FLUIDS
* BOWEL MUCUS

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28
Q

TRANSCELLULAR FLUID GENERALLY NOT SUBJECTED TO

A

GAINS AND LOSSES

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29
Q

THIRD SPACE SYNDROME

A

FLUID SHIFTS FROM THE VASCULAR SPACE INTO AN AREA WHERE IT IS NOT READILY ACCESSIBLE AS EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

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30
Q

EXS OF THIRD SPACING

A
  • EXAMPLES: * ASCITES
  • HYDROCEPHALUS
  • PLEURAL EFFUSIONS * PERICARDIAL
    TRANSCELLULAR
    EFFUSIONS
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31
Q

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

A

FORCE OF FLUID PRESSURE IN BLOODSTREAM

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32
Q

OSMOTIC PRESSURE

A

PRESSUREBYSOLUTESINSOLUTION

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33
Q

ONCOTIC PRESSURE

A
  • “COLLOID PRESSURE”
  • PRESSURE DUE TO ALBUMIN IN BLOOD
34
Q

OSMOLALITY

A
  • CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTES/KG SOLUTION
35
Q
  • OSMOLARITY
A
  • NUMBER OF OSMOLES OF SOLUTE PER LITER OF SOLUTION
36
Q

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE SYMBOLIZES

A

THE Pushing outward force of hydrostatic pressure, pushing water from ECF (capillary) into ICF

37
Q

Osmotic pressure symbolizes

A

Pulling force of osmotic (oncotic) pressure, created by sollutes (albumin), which favors fluid movement from the ICF into the ECF (capillary)

38
Q

MOVEMENT OF FLUID THAT OCCURS AT CAPILLARY BEDS IS THE OUTCOME OF 2 MAJOR OPPOSING FORCES

A
  • HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
  • OSMOTIC PRESSURE
39
Q

STARLING LAW OF CAPILLARIES EXPLAINS THE

A

MOVEMENT OF FLUID THAT OCCURS AT CAPILLARY BEDS

40
Q

LOWER ALBUMIN =

A

REDUCED OSMOTIC PRESSURE

41
Q

INCREASED BLOOD VOLUME =

A

INCREASED HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

42
Q

NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ~

A

290 MOSM

43
Q

MOSM MEANS WHAT

A

?

44
Q

OSMORECEPTORS
* LOCATED IN

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

45
Q

OSMORECEPTORS
* LOCATED IN HYPOTHALAMUS AND STIMULATED BY

A

BY INCREASED PLASMA CONCENTRATION

46
Q

OSMORECEPTORS
* LOCATED IN HYPOTHALAMUS AND STIMULATED BY INCREASED PLASMA CONCENTRATION
* INITIATE _______ AND ______

A

THIRST MECHANISM
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) RELEASE

47
Q

OSMORECEPTORS
* LOCATED IN HYPOTHALAMUS AND STIMULATED BY INCREASED PLASMA CONCENTRATION
* INITIATE _______ AND ______

A

THIRST MECHANISM
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) RELEASE

48
Q

OSMORECEPTORS
* LOCATED IN HYPOTHALAMUS AND STIMULATED BY INCREASED PLASMA CONCENTRATION
* INITIATE _______ AND ______

A

THIRST MECHANISM
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) RELEASE

49
Q

ADH (ALSO KNOWN AS

A

VASOPRESSIN)

50
Q

ADH (ALSO KNOWN AS VASOPRESSIN)
* SYNTHESIZED BY

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

51
Q

ADH (ALSO KNOWN AS VASOPRESSIN)
* SYNTHESIZED BY HYPOTHALAMUS AND RELEASED FROM

A

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

52
Q

ADH (ALSO KNOWN AS VASOPRESSIN)
* STIMULATES WHAT IN KIDNEYS

A

KIDNEY NEPHRON TO REABSORB MORE WATER

53
Q

RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN- ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM AKA

A

RAAS

54
Q

RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN- ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM (RAAS) 4 STEPS

A
  1. RENIN RELEASED FROM KIDNEYS
  2. ANGIOTENSIN I CONVERTED TO ANGIOTENSIN II
  3. ANGIOTENSIN II (VASOCONSTRICTOR)
  4. ALDOSTERONE
55
Q

What happens when Renin is released from the kidneys?

A

CONVERTS ANGIOTENSINOGEN (FROM LIVER) TO ANGIOTENSIN I

56
Q

How is angiotensin one converted to angiotensin two and where does it happen?

A

IN LUNGS BY ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE)

57
Q

What does angiotensin two (vasoconstrictor) activate

A

ACTIVATES ADRENAL CORTEX TO RELEASE ALDOSTERONE

58
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

INCREASES SODIUM AND WATER REABSORPTION AND POTASSIUM SECRETION BY KIDNEYS

59
Q

What is the RAAS net EFFect?

A

Increases blood volume which leads to increasing blood pressure

60
Q

What activates, the RAAS system

A

When there is lower circulation or blood pressure sensed by the kidneys

61
Q

The juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys detect what

A

the drop in blood pressure..

62
Q

The juxtaglomerular cells respond by

A

secreting the enzyme renin

63
Q

Which organ secretes renin

A

Kidneys

64
Q

Which organ secretes angiotensin I

A

Liver

65
Q

Where and how is angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II

A

In lungs by ACE

66
Q

What gland does angiotensin II stimulate

A

Adrenal gland

67
Q

What does aldosterone do

A

Increases sodium / water REABSORPTION into bloodstream and causes potassium to be secretes in urine

68
Q

How does angiotensin II affects the arteries

A

Stimulates arterial vasoconstriction which raises bp

69
Q

NATRIURESIS

A

EXCRETION OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF SODIUM AND WATER

70
Q

THREE PEPTIDES PROMOTE NATRIURESIS

A

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP)
BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (BNP)
C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (CNP)

71
Q

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP)

A

ATRIAL CELLS WHEN ATRIA STRETCHED

72
Q

BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (BNP)

A

HEART VENTRICLES AND TO LESSER EXTENT, THE BRAIN

73
Q

C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (CNP)

A

ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF ARTERIES AND
VENTRICULAR CELLS

74
Q

ANP

A

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE

75
Q

BNP

A

BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE

76
Q

CNP

A

C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE

77
Q

ASSESSMENT OF FLUID STATUS - 5 ways

A
  • DAILY WEIGHT
  • 24-HOUR I & O (INPUT AND OUTPUT)
  • VITAL SIGNS SUCH AS HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE
  • ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION MAY DEVELOP IN DEHYDRATION
  • ASSESS STATUS OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES, SKIN TURGOR, URINE OUTPUT, EDEMA
78
Q

How should I & O be recorded

A

RECORD IN ML

79
Q

1 OUNCE OF FLUID EQUALS __ ML

A

30

80
Q

SEQUESTERED FLUIDS

A

FLUID ACCUMULATES IN BODY CAVITIES NORMALLY FREE OF FLUIDS

81
Q

SEQUESTERED FLUIDS examples

A

THIRD-SPACE ACCUMULATION OR THIRD-SPACING

82
Q

What areas can third spacing happen

A

PERICARDIAL SAC, PERITONEAL CAVITY, AND PLEURAL SPACE

NUR 113 (8 decks)

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