Ch. 3 - Perception Flashcards
What is speech segmentation?
A phenomenon in which a person is able to tell when one word ends and the next begins because of their knowledge of a language.
What is the direct pathway model of pain?
Pain occurs when receptors in the skin called nociceptors are stimulated and send their signals in a direct pathway from the skin to the brain.
What is the principle of apparent movement?
Illusion of movement created by a stroboscope; when movement is perceived although nothing is actually moving.
What 2 conclusions can be drawn from apparent movement?
Cannot be explained by sensations because there is nothing in the dark space between the flashing lights.The whole is different than the sum of its parts (the perceptual system creates the perception of movement from stationary images).
What are the 3 principles of perceptual organization?
The principle of good continuation, the law of pragnanz, and the principle of similarity.
What is the principle of good continuation?
Points that, when connected, result in a straight of smoothly curving line are seen as belonging together. Objects that are overlapped by other objects are perceived as continuing behind the other object.
What is the law of pragnanz?
AKA Principle of good figure/principle of simplicity. Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible.
What is the principle of similarity?
Similar things appear to be grouped together.
What is the oblique effect?
People can perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations.
What are semantic regularities?
The characteristics associated with the functions carried out in different types of scenes.
What do the theory of unconscious inference, recognition by components, and Bayesian theory have in common?
All share the idea that we use data about the environment, gathered through past experiences, to determine what is out there.
How does Gestalt theory differ from the other theories of perception?
They acknowledge that perception is affected by experience, but argue that built in principles can override experience, thereby assigning bottom-up processing a central role in perception.
