CH. 27 Bacteria

Question 1

Bioremediation

Answer 1

The use of organisms to remove pollutants from the environment

Question 2

Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are?

Answer 2

Chemoautotrophs

Question 3

What is the function of fimbriae?

Answer 3

They are used to attach the cell to its substrate or to other prokaryotes

Question 4

Genes for the resistance of antibiotics are often located

Answer 4

On plasmids

Question 5

Which of the following statements about obligate anaerobes is correct?

Answer 5

They are poisoned by O2

Question 6

Binary fission is a form of _____because a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring

Answer 6

Asexual reproduction

Question 7

During binary fission, DNA replication begins at the ______and continues all the way around the circular chromosome

Answer 7

Origin of replication

Question 8

When DNA replication is complete and the bacterium has reached twice its original size, the _____grows inward, dividing the parent cell into two daughter cells

Answer 8

plasma membrane

Question 9

In theory, the two daughter cells are _____each other and the parent cell

Answer 9

genetically identical to

Question 10

However, mistakes made during DNA replication sometimes result in _____,changes to the nucelotide sequence of DNA

Answer 10

mutations

Question 11

The rapid reproduction and large population sizes of many bacterial populations mean that even a small mutation rate can lead to considerable _________

Answer 11

genetic variation

Question 12

F+ cell

Answer 12

• carries the F factor in a plasmid

- may donate a plasmid to another cell

Question 13

Hfr cell

Answer 13

• Carries the F factor in its circular chromosome

- May donate genes from its chromosome to another cell

Question 14

F- cell

Answer 14

• May receive genetic material, but cannot donate -genetic material
• May become recombinant after conjugation with an Hfr cell
• May become F+ after conjugation with an F+ cell

Question 15

Processes such as _____ allow for genes to be exchanged among bacteria. Because _____can occur between bacterial cells of the same species or of different species, antibiotic resistance sometimes spreads surprisingly easy from one species of bacteria to another.

Answer 15

conjugation

Question 16

In bacterial conjugation an F factor is a piece of ____that contains about 25 genes

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

The prokaryotic cells that built stromatolites and were the first to add significant quantities of oxygen to Earth’s atmosphere are classified as

Answer 17

cyanobacteria

Question 18

Streptococcus pyogenes is classified with

Answer 18

gram-positive bacteria

Question 19

Organisms that can cause nongonococcal urethritis are classified with

Answer 19

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 20

The chemoheterotroph Proteus Vulgaris is a rod shaped bacterium classified with

Answer 20

Proteobacteria

Question 21

Spiral- shaped bacteria are likely to be placed with

Answer 21

Spirochetes

Question 22

_________was the molecule used to produce Woese’s phylogeny because it evolves slowly and is crucial to the function of the ribosome, which serves the same function in all three domains in the tree of life

Answer 22

Ribosomal RNA

Question 23

Lateral gene transfer

Answer 23

Physical transfer of a gene between distantly related lineages

Question 24

During _________,phages package fragments of bacterial DNA into new phage heads. This bacterial DNA can be transferred to another bacteria cell during the next phage infection

Answer 24

transduction

Question 25

_____ bacteria have an outer membrane as part of their cell wall structure

Answer 25

Gram negative

Question 26

Alcohol rinse easily removes crystal violet

Answer 26

Gram negative

Question 27

Appear pink after Gram staining

Answer 27

Gram-negative

Question 28

have a thin peptidoglycan layer

Answer 28

Gram-negative

Question 29

appear purple after Gram-staining

Answer 29

Gram- positive

Question 30

Alcohol rinse does not remove crystal violet

Answer 30

Gram-positive

Question 31

Have a thick peptidoglycan layer

Answer 31

Gram-positive

Question 32

Require energy only from inorganic sources

Answer 32

autotrophs

Question 33

require energy from at least one organic nutrient

Answer 33

heterotrophs

Question 34

autotrophs that use chemicals as energy source

Answer 34

chemautotrophs

Question 35

autotrophs that use light as energy source

Answer 35

photoautotrophs

Question 36

heterotrophs that use light as energy source

Answer 36

photoheterotrophs

Question 37

heterotrophs that use chemicals as energy

Answer 37

chemoheterotrophs