Ch. 26 Phylogeny Review guide

Question 1

what is the order of the classification system?

Answer 1

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain

Question 2

What is the difference between monophyletic, polyphyletic, and paraphyletic?

Answer 2

mono=common ancestor and all its descendants
poly=distantly related species, but no common ancestor
para=ancestral species and some of its descendants

Question 3

Why are scientific names better than using common names?

Answer 3

some common names do not accurately reflect the type of species they signify

Question 4

How is a scientific name correctly written?

Answer 4

first part is genus to which the species belongs, second part is the specific epithet. The genus is capitalized, and the second is not. It is italicized, or underlined (if written).

Question 5

Linnaean system and errors

Answer 5

groups species into closely related groups, and then progressively more categories or classification.
errors= doesn’t show groups evolutionary relationships

Question 6

Phylogenetic tree and errors

Answer 6

represents a groups hypothetical evolutionary relationships
errors=doesn’t show natural selection, and doesn’t indicate timing of events

Question 7

List and explain the parts of a phylogenetic tree:

Answer 7

branch points, sister taxa, basal taxon, rooted, polytomy

Question 8

What does the law of maximum parsimony say?

Answer 8

investigate the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts

Question 9

What is a clade?

Answer 9

an ancestor species and all of its descendants

Question 10

Why was there a 3 domain system for bacteria?

Answer 10

Because the single cell organisms were as different to each other as they were from eukaryotes