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APWH > Ch. 21 > Flashcards

Ch. 21 Flashcards

1
Q

The early modern Islamic empires

A

Ottoman, Mughal, Safavid

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2
Q

How were the three Muslim early modern empires similar?

A

Armies relied heavily on large cannons and muskets

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3
Q

What were the differences between the various muslim early modern empires?

A

Mughal did not launch conquest because of religious fervor

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4
Q

Prior to the Mongol invasions of their empire, the Abbasid dynasty was dominated by what group?

A

Seljuk Turks

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5
Q

The original base of the Ottoman Turks was where?

A

Antolia

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6
Q

Following the Timurid invasions, the Ottoman Empire was restored under what leader?

A

Seljuk sultans

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7
Q

The ottomans conquered constantinople and ended the byzantine Empire in what year?

A

1453

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8
Q

Describe the ottoman navy

A

powerful galley fleets captured island bases on rhodes, crete, and cyprus

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9
Q

Who were the Janissaries?

A

Infantry divisions which dominated imperial armies after mid 15th century

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10
Q

What permitted the Janissaries to gain a position of prominence in the ottoman empire?

A

They controlled artillery and firearms - the most powerful components of military

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11
Q

The head of the ottoman central bureaucracy was the:

A

vizer

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12
Q

What was the principle of succession within the ottoman empire?

A

Like other dynasties before - many were qualified & would fight for it

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13
Q

One of the most beautiful of the ottoman mosques of constantinople was the?

A

Suleymaniye mosque

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14
Q

What did the ottomans do to constantinople following its fall in 1453?

A

they began to “restore its ancient glory”

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15
Q

In what way were the artisans of constantinople similar to their counterparts in the west

A

organized into guilds

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16
Q

What was the chosen language of the ottoman court?

A

Turkish

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17
Q

How did the ottoman dynasty compare to other ruling families?

A

Lasted over 600 years - feat matched by no other ruling family

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18
Q

What were the causes for the decline of the ottoman empire

A
  • Internal revolts
  • Conflict with rivals
  • Too large
  • Corruption of officials
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19
Q

ON the sea, the ottoman galleys were eclipsed by western naval power as early as?

A

16th century

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20
Q

What european nation first threatened the ottoman monopoly of trade with east africa and india?

A

Portugal

21
Q

What were the results of the ottoman loss of monopoly over the indian trade?

A

Direct carriage of eastern goods to ports in the west implied loss of tax from muslim trading centers

22
Q

Which group represented such extreme conservatism within the ottoman empire that reform was frustrated?

A

Janissaries

23
Q

What were the differences between the declines of the abbasids and the ottomans?

A

Safavids represented the Shi’ite islam

24
Q

What were the differences between the origins of the ottomans and the safavids?

A

Safavid market economy more constricted tan the ottomans

25
Q

The center of the safavid empire was the modern-day state of

A

Iran

26
Q

The safavid dynasty had its origins in the fourteenth century in a family devoted to what variant of islam

A

Sufi

27
Q

In what year was the first safavid declared shah?

A

1501

28
Q

Followers of the safavivds followers were called:

A

Red heads

29
Q

The first safavid shah was?

A

Isma’il

30
Q

Why was the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 so important?

A

Checked western advance of safavid empire & religon

31
Q

The safavid empire reached its greatest extent under Shah:

A

Abbas the great

32
Q

What was the status of the Turkic chiefs under the safavid shahs

A

warrior nobility

33
Q

After Chaldiran, the official language of the Safavid Empire became?

A

persian

34
Q

The capital of the safavid empire under abbas the great was?

A

Isfahan

35
Q

How did the Safavids economy compare to that of the Ottomans?

A
  • More constricted
  • less market oriented
  • more technically backward
36
Q

What led to the rapid demise of the Safavid Empire?

A

-Conflict with ottomans, russian, and the mogul empire

37
Q

The immediate successor of the safavid dynasty in persia was?

A

Nadir Khan Afshar

38
Q

Who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty?

A

Babur

39
Q

The first Mughal emperor successfully defeated the muslim ruler of the Lodi dynasty in 1526 at the battle ofL

A

Panipatl

40
Q

Describe the accomplishments/life of Babur

A

Fine military strategist/fighter. loved music & the arts

41
Q

Describe the reign of Humayan?

A
  • Good soldier
  • Enemies striked at all sides forcing him to flee to perisa
  • he then led a series of campaigns & reestablished rule
42
Q

What was the critical feature of Akbar’s new religion, the Din-i-Illahi?

A

United hindus and muslims

43
Q

What was the outcome of the Din-i-Illahi?>

A

Failed

44
Q

Describe the economy of the Mughal empire?

A

Major trading destination for europeans, indian textiles developed

45
Q

What was the state of the Mughal dynasty at the outset of the reign of Aurangzeb?

A

Bureaucracy-bloated 7 corrupt
Army-backward in weaponry & tactics
Living standards for lower class declined

46
Q

What were the goals of Aurangzeb>

A

expand over indian sub-continent; purify indian islam

47
Q

What was the impact of Aurangzeb’s religious policies?

A

Weakened hindu/muslim alliances; disrupted social peace that Akbar had established

48
Q

What was the state of the Mughal Empire following Aurangzeb’s death in 1707?

A

Larger; control of regional lords grew

49
Q

Ddescribe the relationship of the muslim empires to the west?

A
  • None of the islamic people monitored the technological advances in europe
  • key tax revenue & merchant profits were drained off by the rise of european trading empires in Asia
  • Muslim scholars continued to take little interest in european learnings
  • failed to match the intellectual & material accomplishments of the west

APWH (1 decks)

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