Ch 16- Respiratory system

Question 1

Air flow through lungs to provide Oxygen TO the body

Answer 1

Nasal cavity/mouth> pharynx> larynx> trachea> bronchii> bronchiole> alveoli

Question 2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 2

group of lung diseases that block air flow & make it difficult to breathe (includes bronchitis and emphysema)

Question 3

Bronchitis

Emphysema

Answer 3

• causes increased mucus & inflammation

- causes destruction and enlargement of air spaces

Question 4

Inspiration muscles

Answer 4

sternocleidomastoid and scalenes help to bring rib cage up and away

Question 5

Expiration muscles

Answer 5

rectus abdominis and quadratus lumborum help to bring rib cage down and in to push air out

Question 6

Quiet inpiration

Answer 6

occurs about 70% of time, muscles- diaphragm, external intercostals

Question 7

Deep inspiration

Answer 7

like during yoga, muscles- muscles of quiet inspiration plus sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectoralis major, levator costarum, serratus posterior superior

Question 8

Forced inspiration

Answer 8

just ran as fast as you can or have COPD, muscles: muscles of quiet and deep inspiration plus legator scapula, upper trapezius, rhomboids, pectorals minor

Question 9

Quiet expiration

Answer 9

when just sitting there, muscles: relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostals, recoil of thoracic wall, lungs and bronchi, gravity, internal intercostals in assistive role

Question 10

Forced expiration

Answer 10

yoga class or trying to catch breath, muscles: internal intercostals plus external and internal oblique, transverse abdomens, rectus abdomens, quadrates lumborum, serratus posterior inferior

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

O- xiphoid process, ribs, lumbar vertebrae
I- central tendon
A- inspiration (contraction of diaphragm)
N- phrenic

Question 12

External intercostals

Answer 12

O- rib above
I- rib below
A- elevate ribs during inspiration
N- intercostal nerve

Question 13

Internal intercostals

Answer 13

O- rib below
I- rib above
A- depress ribs during expiration
N- intercostal nerve

Question 14

Upper respiratory infection

Answer 14

any infection confined to the nose, throat, and larynx (common cold is most frequent example)

Question 15

Pneumonia

Answer 15

lower respiratory infection (most common), inflammation of the alveoli, caused by bacterial viral infection

Question 16

Asthma

Answer 16

usually due to a spasm of bronchial walls, makes exhalation very difficult

Question 17

Pleurisy

Answer 17

quiet, painful condition caused by inflammation of pleura

Question 18

Pneumothorax

Answer 18

collapsed lung, occurs by introducing air into or otherwise destroying the vacuum of the pleural cavity, reducing ventilation capacity