Ch 15- Neck and Trunk Flashcards
Vertebral column joint motions in terms of planes and axes
flexion, extension, hyperextension occur in sagittal plane around a frontal axis;
lateral bending occurs in frontal plane around a sagittal axis; rotation occurs in transverse plane around a vertical axis
Atlantooccipital joint
Main motions are flexion and extension, Nodding “yes”, there is also some lateral bending, formed by occipital condyles articulating with superior articular facets of the atlas (C1)
Atlantoaxial joint
rotation of the head and neck, shaking your head “no”
Bony landmarks of vertebrae
Body, pedicle, vertebral foramen, lamina, transverse process, articular process, spinous process
Vertebrae with unique bony landmarks
- C1 (atlas) ring-shaped and has no body or spinous process, has anterior arch
- C2 (axis) has no body, forms the pivot that allows rotation of C1, has dens
- C7 prominent spinous process, resembles thoracic vertebra, transverse foramen, costal facet; look at pics on pg 245
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
O- sternum, clavicle
I- Mastoid process
A- B: flexes neck, hyperextends head, U: laterally bends neck, rotates face to opposite side
N- accessory nerve (CN XI)
Scalene muscles (anterior C3 to C6, middle C2 to C7, posteriorC5 to C7)
Implications of they are tight
O- transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
I- 1st & 2nd ribs
A- B: assists in neck flexion, U: neck lateral bending
N- lower cervical nerves (C3 to C8)
-if tight, cause compression to brachial plexus, leads to thoractic outlet syndrome
Splenius capitis
O- lower half of nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 to T3
I- lateral occipital bone, mastoid process
A- B: extend head & neck, U: laterally bend & rotate face to same side
N- middle & lower cervical nerves
Splenius Cervicis
O- spinous processes of T3 to T6
I- transverse processes of C1 to C3
A- B: extend neck, U: laterally bend & rotate face to same side
N- middle & lower cervical nerves
Rectus abdominis
O- pubic crest
I- xiphoid process & costal cartilages of 5th to 7th ribs
A- trunk flexion, compression of abdomen
External oblique (pocket muscles)
O- iliac crest, pubic tubercle & linea alba
I- lower 8 ribs laterally
A- B: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen, U: ipsilateral lateral bending, contralateral rotation
Internal oblique (prayer muscles)
O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
I- 8th through 12th ribs, linea alba
A- B: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen, U: ipsilateral lateral bending, ipsilateral rotation
Transverse abdominis
O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages of last 7 ribs
I- pubic crest, abdominal aponeurosis, linea alba
A- compression of abdomen
Erector spinae muscles:
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
O- iliac crest, lower ribs
I- angles of ribs, upper ribs, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
A (same for all erector spinae muscles)- B: extend neck & trunk, U: rotation of head & ipsilateral lateral bending of neck & trunk
N (same for all)- spinal nerves
Longissimus (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
O- transverse processes at lower levels
I- transverse processes at upper levels, mastoid process
Spinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
O- spinous processes below
I- spinous processes above
Transversospinalis (travel all up vertebral column)
O- transverse process below
I- spinous process above
A- B: trunk/neck extension, U: contralateral rotation (head, neck, and trunk)
