Ch 11 Vocab

Question 1

literacy

Answer 1

Use of visual modes of communication, specifically reading and writing.

Question 2

decoding

Answer 2

The first step in interpreting print, decoding consists of breaking a word into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word.

Question 3

phonologic awareness

Answer 3

Consideration of phonology at a conscious level, including syllabification; sound identification, manipulation, segmentation, and blending; rhyming; and illiteration. A metalinguistic skill, phonological awareness is necessary for the development of reading.

Question 4

phonemic awareness

Answer 4

An aspect of phonological awareness, phonemic awareness is the specific ability to manipulate sounds, such as blending sounds to create new words or segmenting words into sounds.

Question 5

segmentation

Answer 5

Creating a word when a phoneme or syllable is deleted and breaking a word into its parts.

Question 6

blending

Answer 6

Creating a word from individual sounds and syllables and being able to compare initial phonemes in words for likeness and difference.

Question 7

critical literacy

Answer 7

Above the basic reading level, critical literacy involves active interpretation, analysis, and synthesis of information and the ability to explain the content.

Question 8

dynamic literacy

Answer 8

At the highest level of reading, the ability to relate content to other knowledge.

Question 9

metacognition

Answer 9

Knowing what to do cognitively and how to do it–knowledge about knowledge and about cognitive processes.

Question 10

executive function

Answer 10

The self-regulatory aspect of writing that enables the writer to plan, write according to that plan, and proofread and revise as needed.

Question 11

print awareness

Answer 11

Knowledge of letters and words, ability to identify some letters by name, and knowledge of the way in which words progress through a book.

Question 12

phonics

Answer 12

Sound-letter or phoneme-grapheme relationship; The primary way in which most children are taught to read.

Question 13

bottom-up process

Answer 13

This model views spoken and written language comprehension as a step-by-step process that begins with the initial detection of an auditory or visual process. The initial input goes through a series of stages in which it is “chunked” in progressively larger and more meaningful units. Influence of lower-level perceptual and phonemic processes on higher cognitive functioning.

Question 14

top-down process

Answer 14

This model emphasizes the importance of scripts, schemata, and inferences that allow one to make hypotheses and predictions about the information being processed. Higher-cognitive functioning influences the processing of lower-order information.

Question 15

orthography

Answer 15

The conventional spelling system of a language. In English, it’s a written alphabetic system containing 26 letters.