Ch 1 Vocab

Question 1

bound morpheme

Answer 1

Carry meaning, but can not stand alone. Ex. cat’s ____ (-‘s); cats (-s); working (-ing); worked (-ed)

Question 2

communication

Answer 2

Act of exchanging info, ideas, needs, desires w/ another person. Message between sender and receiver. Linguistic (speaking/listening, reading/writing) and extralinguistic (intonation, stress, speed, gestures, facial expressions)

Question 3

communicative competence

Answer 3

the degree to which a speaker is successful in communicating, measured by the appropriateness and effectiveness of the message

Question 4

dialect

Answer 4

subcategories of the parent language that use similar but not identical rules. variations that characterize the language of a particular group within a group of people who even speak the same language.

Question 5

free morpheme

Answer 5

Independent and can stand alone. Ex. cat, work

Question 6

grammar

Answer 6

system of rules describing the five aspects of language.

Question 7

language

Answer 7

A complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that’s used in various modes for thought and communication. Can be signs, written, or spoken. A socially shared code for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols. Rule-governed combinations of those symbols.

Question 8

linguistic competence

Answer 8

a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules. The user observes human behavior in an attempt to determine these rules and performs them in order to demonstrate adherence to them.

Question 9

linguistic performance

Answer 9

the usage of linguistic knowledge. A user’s linguistic competence must be deduced from their linguistic performance.

Question 10

morpheme

Answer 10

Smallest grammatical unit that carries meaning. It is indivisible without violating the meaning or producitg meaningless units

Question 11

morphology

Answer 11

A component of language. Internal organizations of words. Similar to syntax, but only applied to words. Ex. “girling” vs “girl’s”

Question 12

noun phrase

Answer 12

one of the main elements of a sentence. Contains a noun.

Question 13

phoneme

Answer 13

Smallest unit of sound that signals difference in meaning.

Question 14

phonology

Answer 14

A component of language. Rules that define structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds. How we use sounds (phonemes) to create words. Ex. “glink” vs “ngtaplooklt”

Question 15

pragmatics

Answer 15

A component of language. The study of language in context. Concentrates on the way language is used. Communication intentions and the recognized ways of carrying them out. Conversational rules or principles.

Question 16

semantics

Answer 16

A component of language. Rules that govern the meaning or content of words and word combinations. Ex. “The girl put on her hat” vs “The cat put on her pants”

Question 17

speech

Answer 17

A verbal means of communicating. Act of producing speech sounds to produce/express language

Question 18

speech act

Answer 18

Using language by attaching speech sounds

Question 19

syntax

Answer 19

A component of language. Rules that govern the form and structure of a sentence. Specifies which word order combinations are acceptable and grammatical and which are not. Ex. “The boy crinked on the yellow plot” vs “Crinked boy yellow plot the on”

Question 20

verb phrase

Answer 20

one of the main elements of a sentence. Contains a verb.