ch 1 understanding psychs history Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 prominent themes in psych

A
  1. the mind body problem
  2. nature vs nurture
  3. theorist/practioner debate
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2
Q

knowledge

A

info that has a purpose or use

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3
Q

psychological knowledge

A

info related to mental phenomena subjective experiences or activities of the mind

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4
Q

the mind body problem

A

debate concerning the extent to which the mind and the body are separate or the same thing

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5
Q

nature vs nurture

A

debate centers on the contributions of genetics and environmental factors to human development

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6
Q

theorist/practitioner problem

A

Is the purpose of psychology to understand phenomena or to improve humanity?

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7
Q

what are the 4 types of knowledge in psych

A

scientific, popular, ideological, and legal

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8
Q

scientific knowledge

A

The knowledge accumulated through research, systematic empirical observation, evaluation of facts, and rigorous verification by multiple sources, scientific knowledge may change

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9
Q

scientific knowledge can be inaccurate for what 3 reasons?

A

incorrect assumptions, imprecise descriptions, and poor applications

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10
Q

The science of incorrect assumption

A

mesmerism and animal magnetism: Mesmer believed invisible forces affected the body. believed human illnesses might be caused by the disruption or blocking of the normal flow of an invisible body fluid
Based on Newton’s theory of gravity but applied inaccurately

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11
Q

Imprecise Descriptions in Psych

A

Neurasthenia: anxiety and depression; widely used label to fit many psychological symptom

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12
Q

Neurasthenia

A

weakness of the nervous system. this term was widely used to fit many psych symptoms

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13
Q

The Science of Poor Applications example

A

Using his findings with dogs, Pavlov developed a theory of the higher nervous activity associated primarily with the cerebral cortex of the brain and behavior. But Cannot compare dogs to people because people are more complex

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14
Q

popular knowledge

A

a form of everyday psych created by the people and for the people

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15
Q

popular psych

A

psych designed for mass consumption

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16
Q

ideological knowledge

A

A consistent set of beliefs about the world the nature of good and evil, right and wrong, and the purpose of human life, all based on a certain organizing principle or central idea

knowledge based on tradition or powerful authorities in culture

17
Q

ideological knowledge example

A

drapetomania: A diagnosis of mental illness given to black slaves who repeatedly tried to escape. A pathological craving for freedom.

18
Q

values

A

the knowledge that stems from established stable perceptions about the world

19
Q

legal knowledge

A

Knowledge of what’s actually written in the Law, Rules and principles related to the psychological functioning of individuals, established by legal authorities.

20
Q

Interaction of 4 types of knowledge

A

dianetics: a method of healing in the religion of Scientology entails a method of identifying the causes of and relieving many of an individual’s mental, emotional, or psychosomatic problems

21
Q

what are the 3 important factors that influence the development of psychology

A

resources, social climate and academic tradition

22
Q

resources

A

Availability of resources creates conditions for the development of science and inclusion of psychology as a scientific discipline

23
Q

social climate

A

favorable social climate creates an opportunity for psych to be viewed and treated as a legit discipline and profession

24
Q

zeitgeist

A

the general social climate; th spirit of a particular time or generation

25
Q

academic tradition

A

Educated professional sharing the same principles of understanding of psychology, creates an opportunity for others to join in and develop the tradition further

26
Q

Historiography

A

The study of how people acquire and pass on information

27
Q

what 4 Factors affect the historic significance of psychological research

A

peer review, controversy, social status/prestige/power, and gender + ethnicity

28
Q

how does peer review affect the historic significance of psychological research

A

Helps determine what studies stay current in psychological textbooks, and politics may play a role.

29
Q

how does controversy affect the historic significance of psychological research

A

it brings public attention
ex: Ex: John Watson got in a scandal for sleeping with a student ad gained a lot attention from it that allowed people to now see his actual work

30
Q

how does social status, social prestige, and power affect the historic significance of psychological research

A

Higher status, prestige, and power is equated to more opportunities to be heard and resources

31
Q

how does gender and ethnicity affect the historic significance of psychological research

A

Ethnocentrism: tendency to view psych knowledge from specific national or ethnic positions

32
Q

standardization

A

A tendency for psychological knowledge over time to become more standard, consistent, and interrelated.