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Firefighting > CFD Fire Knowledge > Flashcards

CFD Fire Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What are the low and high alarms for hydrogen sulfide? (H2S)

A

Low: 10ppm
High: 20ppm

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2
Q

NFPA stands for…

A

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

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3
Q

What are the 3 most important priorities of the fire service overall?
Or what are the 3 main priorities for the fire service?

A
  1. Life Safety
  2. Incident Stabilazation
  3. Property Conservation
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4
Q

IDLH means…

A

Immediate Danger to Life & Health

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5
Q

What does it mean for electrical equipment to be “intrinsically safe?”

A

The equipment is designed in a way that reduces the available energy to a level where it is too low to cause ignition

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6
Q

Our masks are CBRN rated. What does CBRN mean?

A

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear

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7
Q

PASS device stands for…

A

Personal Alert Safety System

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8
Q

The buddy breather’s on our SCBAs say “EEBSS” on them. What does this mean?

A

Emergency Escape Breathing Support System

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9
Q

How many FFs died on 9/11?

A

343

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10
Q

A first-degree burn is caused by our skin raising to what temperature?

A

118 F

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11
Q

A second-degree burn is caused by our skin raising to what temperature?

A

131 F

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12
Q

A third-degree burn is caused by our skin raising to what temperature? Skin becomes numb at this point.

A

140 F

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13
Q

What is Type 1 construction?

A

Fire Resistive

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14
Q

What is Type 2 construction?

A

Non-combustible - steel framing but doesn’t have the fire resistive coating.

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15
Q

What is Type 3 construction?

A

Ordinary - a building featuring exterior masonry walls and combustible interior beams or truss

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16
Q

What is Type 4 construction?

A

Heavy Timber

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17
Q

What is Type 5 construction?

A

Wood Frame/Lightweight

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18
Q

What color signifies a firewall in building construction?

A

Red

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19
Q

Studs in a wood frame wall are spaced how far apart?

A

16 or 24 inches - enough to get through a wall in a dire situation.

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20
Q

What is the history and meaning of the shield emblem firefighters wear on their shirts?

A

It’s a Maltese Cross, the legend goes that it’s a symbol of bravery based on the 11th-century Knights of Malta.

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21
Q

Why is a fire hydrant often called a plug?

A

Early American firefighters would have to access the water mains by cutting into them and closing them off with a “fire plug.”

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22
Q

What does egress mean?

A

Exit

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23
Q

How do pressurized stairway systems work in high rise structures?

A

There is usually a fan at the top that blows air down and away from the stairway. This keeps lethal smoke away from the only means of egress for people inside.

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24
Q

Skylights are commonly placed over what types of rooms?

A

Bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms.

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25
Q

What are eaves on a home?

A

Eaves refer to the part of the roof that overhangs the side of your home.

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26
Q

Oxygen deficient percentage is…

A

<19.5%

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27
Q

Oxygen rich percentage is…

A

> 23.5% (fire and explosion hazards go up)

28
Q

Carbon monoxide (CO) safe level is…

A

<9ppm

29
Q

Action need to be taken with carbon monoxide at what PPM?

A

Anything above 9ppm.

30
Q

At what ppm is carbon monoxide IDLH?

A

1500 ppm

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/630080.html

31
Q

What is IDLH for H2S?

A

Hydrogen sulfide IDLH is >100ppm

32
Q

What H2S level is generally when people can smell a rotten egg smell?

A

0.01-1.5

33
Q

What are the 4 things you are looking at on a 4 Gas Meter?

A

Oxygen (O2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), and LEL (the lower explosive limit)

34
Q

What is LEL on a 4 Gas Meter?

A

It’s the lower limit percentage of a gas in an atmosphere. When an LEL of a gas reaches 100% it is rich enough to ignite. Our 4 Gas Meters are calibrated with Pentane.

35
Q

What’s the low and high alarm for carbon monoxide? (CO)

A

35ppm and 70ppm

36
Q

What’s the low and high alarm for oxygen? (O2)

A

19.5% and 23.5%. Below 19.5 is O2 deficient and above 23.5 is oxygen rich.

37
Q

What is the LEL reading calibrated with on our 4 Gas Meters?

A

Pentane

38
Q

What’s the IDLH ppm for Hydrogen Sulfide? (H2S)

A

100ppm

39
Q

What’s the high and low alarm for the LEL?

A

10% and 20%

40
Q

What is OPQRST?

A

An EMS assessment protocol.

O - Onset, what were you doing when your pain started?

P - Provokes, what makes your pain better or worse?

Q - Quality, what does your pain feel like?

R - Radiates, does your pain move to other places?

S - Severity, how bad does your pain feel on a scale of 1-10?

T - Time, how long have you been in pain?

41
Q

What is SAMPLE?

A

An EMS assessment protocol.

S - Symptoms
A - Allergies
M - Medications
P - Past Medical History
L - Last Oral Intake
E - Events Leading Up to Illness/Injury

42
Q

What is DCAP-BTLS?

A

It’s an EMS protocol for assessing trauma patients.

D - Deformities
C - Contusions
A - Abrasions
P - Penetrations

B - Burns
T - Tenderness
L - Lacerations
S - Swelling

43
Q

What are the 9 United Nations Hazardous Material classes including 9A?

A

Every - Explosives (Class 1)
Good - Gases (Class 2)
Fire - Flammable Liquids (Class 3)
Fighter - Flammable Solids (Class 4)
Obeys - Oxidizers (Class 5)
The - Toxins or Poisons (Class 6)
Rules - Radioactive Material (Class 7)
Cautiously - Corrosives (Class 8)
Most of the Time - Miscellaneous (C9)

9A - Lithium Batteries

44
Q

What’s RECEOVS?

A

It’s the general order of operations on the fire ground.

R - Rescue
E - Exposures (protect exposures first)
C - Contain
E - Extinguish
O - Overhaul
V - Ventilate (can be anywhere)
S - Salvage (can be anywhere)

45
Q

What are the O2 flow rates for a nasal cannula, non rebreather, and a BVM.

A

Nasal Cannula: 1-6 liters per minute
Non Rebreather: 10-15 lpm
BVM: 15 or greater

https://www.lummi-nsn.gov/userfiles/332_m3240082_AdministeringEmergencyOxygenFactandSkill.pdf

46
Q

For proper CPR:

Give the compression to ventilation ratio and required compression depth for an adult or child.

Give the compression to ventilation ratio and required compression depth for an infant.

What’s the ratio for an infant if two rescuers are available?

A

Adult/Child - 30:2, 2 inches of depth.

Infant - 30:2, 1.5 inches of depth. 15:2 with two rescuers.

https://www.redcrosslearning.com/course-bin/bls-healthcare-resuscitation/app/content/a/en-US/resources/SS-CPR-for-Adults.pdf

https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/cpr/performing-cpr/child-baby-cpr

47
Q

Explain the most common vital signs and symptoms associated with shock.

As an EMT how can you intervene?

A

Vital Signs: Delayed capillary refill. Decreasing blood pressure while pt is in tachycardia. (>120 beats per minute) Also while blood pressure is decreasing patient is in tachypnea. (>30-40 breaths per minute)

Symptoms: Cool, clammy, and pale skin. Absent or decreased peripheral pulses. In the case of neurogenic shock the skin can be flushed and warm before getting cold and pale.

Intervention: Blood is shunted from the body’s peripheral organs during shock and it takes lots of energy to keep the body warm so use a blanket to keep the patient warm. Also they aren’t perfusing so we can give oxygen therapy.

Source: https://www.naemt.org/docs/default-source/events/recognizing-and-treating-prehospital-shock—presentation-handout.pdf?sfvrsn=872ce493_0

48
Q

What’s a LUNAR report?

A

It’s a report used in a mayday scenario.

L - Location
U - Unit
N - Name
A - Assignment & Air Supply
R - Resources Needed

49
Q

What is the Rescue 42 TeleCrib Junior working load, length (collapsed and extended), and weight?

A

Working Load: 5000 lbs (2:1 Safety Factor)

Length: 41” (3.4 ft) collapsed / 69” (5.75 ft) extended

Weight: 30 lbs

50
Q

For the Rescue 42 Composite TeleCrib Long Strut:

What is the length, width and height of the collapsed struts with the baseplate and combi-head? (deployment ready storage laying flat)

(Long Strut: CTC-501)

A

Length: 45.5 inches (3.8ft)

Width: 7.5 inches

Height: 5 inches

51
Q

For the Rescue 42 Composite TeleCrib Long Strut:

What is the fully extended strut length with baseplate and combi-head?

(Long Strut: CTC-501)

A

101 inches or 8’ 5”

52
Q

What are the weight ratings from 3’ - 8’ for the Rescue 42 Composite Strut with 1 pin?

A

3’ - 10,000 lbs
4’ - 10,000 lbs
5’ - 10,000 lbs
6’ - 8,000 lbs
7’ - 5,000 lbs
8’ - 4,000 lbs

53
Q

What are the weight ratings from 3’ - 8’ for the Rescue 42 Composite Strut with 2 pins?

A

3’ - 18,000 lbs
4’ - 15,000 lbs
5’ - 11,000 lbs
6’ - 8,000 lbs
7’ - 5,000 lbs
8’ - 4,000 lbs

54
Q

For aerial ops, what is the 75-80-80 rule?

A

For flowing through the waterway the general rule is to flow at an angle no higher than 75°, no greater than 80% extension, and at 80 psi nozzle pressure is best.

55
Q

What are the weights of the DuoSafety 24’ and Alco-Lite 24’ extension ladders?

A

DuoSafety: 72 lbs

https://www.duosafety.com/products/aluminum-ladders/900A/

Alco-Lite: 75 lbs

https://www.fireladder.com/ladders/pumper-ladder/

56
Q

How many feet is a bedded 24’ extension ladder?

A

14’

57
Q

What is the rung rating on our 24’ extension ladders?

A

750 lbs, they have a 4:1 safety factor.

58
Q

What are the nozzle sizes and GPM rates for our Stinger 2.0 deck guns at 80 psi?

A

1 3/8” - 500 (502 gpms)
1.5” - 600 (598 gpms)
1.75” - 800 (814 gpms)
2” - 1000 (1063 gpms)

59
Q

A 10ft DuoSafety attic ladder is rated for how much weight?

A

300lbs

60
Q

The hooks on a DuoSafety 14’ roof ladder are rated for how much weight?

A

1000 lbs per hook with no 4:1 safety ratio

Reference: DuoSafety ladder manual

61
Q

What the normal glucose reading range for an adult?

A

80 - 120mmol/liter (millimoles per liter)

Also: It’s not a diabetic emergency for a known diabetic unless their BGL is over 300.

62
Q

How much does a single section of 1” 3/4 hose weigh dry?

A

21 lbs

63
Q

How much does a single section of 1” 3/4 hose weigh dry?

A

21 lbs

64
Q

What’s the weight of a 3 section Alcolite 35’ ladder?

A

170 lbs

https://www.fireladder.com/ladders/pumper-ladder/

65
Q

What are the high and low alarms for CO? (Carbon Monoxide)

A

Low: 35 ppm
High: 75 ppm

Firefighting (1 decks)

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