Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards > cervical spine > Flashcards

cervical spine Flashcards

1
Q

neck pain, myelopathy, DM, IVDU

A

check for epidural abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

presentation cervical myelopathy

A

gait instability, bilateral numbness tingling, difficulty buttoning shirts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tests for cervical myelopathy

A

grip and release test, Hoffman’s sign, clonus, babinski, toe to heel gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

JOA classification

A 
JOA 4 (4 wheels) - wheelchair bound, needs ADL assistance
JOA14 - mild ambulatory, functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

if patient has lumbar spinal stenosis + myelopathy symptoms then what

A

get cervical MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

buzzword: asymmetric periventricular plaques

A

MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Outcome of cervical myelopathy predicted by

A

severity of symptoms at treatment, older age, smoking, preop comorbidities, T2 intensity, transverse area of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cervical myelopathy natural history

A

stepwise progression and deterioration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cervical myelopathy, when to go anterior?

A

if >10 degrees kyphosis bc cord is draped over anterior vertebrae or only 1 or 2 levels of compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when to back up ACDF

A

3 or more levels, then need posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: T12 pedicle is bigger than L1

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

indication for cervical disc replacement

A

single and 2 level cervical disc disease with minimum facet disease
clinical outcomes equivalent to ACDF, reduced reoperation rate, reduced adjacent level disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Vance powder decreases infection in posterior cervical surgery

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why does c5 palsy occur

A

any surgery that shifts the cord posterior stretches the nerve, treatment is observation and reassurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

atlantoaxial subluxation can present with what:

A

occipital headaches due to compression of occipital branch of C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADI greater than ? and SAC/PADI ? are indication for surgery

A

ADI >10
PADI/SAC <14
treat with C1/2 fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how to treat basilar invagination

A

occiput to cervical fusion, indication is progressive cranial migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mechanism of etanercept

A

TNFA antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

abatacept

A

MHC receptor antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Disc

NP/Annulus collagen

A

annulus type 1
NP type 2 collagen (high water content)
blood supply is avascular, nutrition through pores in endplates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

C6/7 disc gets what

A

C7 nerve root bc nerve root is above C7 body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what percent cervical radiculopathy resolve with nonop

A

75-90%

23
Q

indication for surgery for cervical radiculopathy

A

persistent and disabling pain fro 6-12 weeks, failed nonop

24
Q

lumbar sympathetic chain injury

A

leg is warm and dry

25
Q

what percent of patients get dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery

A

50%

26
Q

hypoglossal nerve injury

A

if injured tongue deviates to side of injury

27
Q

cervical spine adjacent segment disease

A

1.6 to 4.2 percent per year

28
Q

neural tube
Neural crest
notocord

A

NC: peripheral nervous system, spinal ganglia, sympathetic trunk
NT: spinal cord
notochord: vertebral bodies and discs

29
Q

Asia classification

A 
A: complete, no motor or sensory
B: No motor, sensory only (B barely anything)
C: 50% of muscles less than grade 3
D: 50% of muscles more than grade 3
E: normal
30
Q

AS vs DISH

A

AS: HLAB27, bilateral sacroilitis, marginal osteophyte
DISH: flowing candle wax, preservation of disc space, associated w/diabetes, non marginal osteophyte

31
Q

blood flow to dens

A

apex - internal carotid

base - vertebral artery

32
Q

treatment Type 1 and 3 odontoid fx

A

orthosis or halo

33
Q

type 2 treatment

A

young w/risk factor and displaced get operative, if not displaced get halo
>50 never halo, put in soft collar, ok for surgery if needed

34
Q

risk factor for nonunion odontoid fx

A 
age >50
>6mm displacement
treatment delay
diabetes
fracture comminution
posterior angulation >10 degrees
35
Q

sum of lateral mass displacement

A

if sum of lateral mass displacement is >8.1mm then a transverse ligament rupture is assured and the injury pattern is considered unstable

36
Q

ADI

A

<3mm normal in adult (<5mm normal in child)
3-5 injury to traverse ligament
>5 injury to transverse/apical/alar ligaments

37
Q

powers ratio

A

used to diagnose occipitocervical dislocation
(C-D)/(A-B)

normal =1

38
Q

who gets a halo

A

unstable type 2 atlas (Jefferson fracture)
type 2 odontoid fractures (in young w/o nonunion RF)
Type 2/3 hangman fx

39
Q

what percent of spinal cord injury patients have MDD

A

11%

40
Q

Which is not an upper motor neuron sign

  • Fasciculations
  • Spasticity
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Exagerated deep tendon reflexes
  • sustained clonus
A
  • Fasciculations

Weakness is upper and lower

41
Q

what level can you repair pars defect vs fuse

A

L4 and above can be repaired, L5/s1 needs fusion

42
Q

when is TLSO indicated in adolescent idiopathic scoli

A

25-40 degrees, apex below T7, skeletally immature, riser 023

curves <25 can be observed
>40 degrees do not respond well to bracing

43
Q

functional electrical stimulation is used in Rehab for spinal cord injury and has greatest effect on:

A

skeletal muscle

44
Q

curve progression

A

magnitude of curve at time of peak height velocity is most prognostic sign in relationship to surgery
more than 70% of curves that measure more than 30 degrees att his time are likely to reach surgical range

45
Q

what is klippel feil

A

congenital cervical fusion of the cerivcal vertebra with low posterior hairline and short neck and limited neck motion
if fusion is above C3 should not participate in contact sports

46
Q

surgery vs nonop for lumbar stenosis

A

At 4 years, surgical management is expected to result in more improvement in pain, function, satisfaction than nonoperative management.

47
Q

A 2-year-old child falls down a flight of stairs and is found to have spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA). What is the most important predictor of her neurologic outcome

A

severity of initial neurologic injury

48
Q

aging disc

A

decrease in water
decrease in large aggregated proteoglycans
increase in degradative enzyme activity
decrease in nutritional transport
increase in keratin sulfate to chondroitin sulfate ratio

49
Q

In patients with incomplete spinal cord injuries what is the most important prognostic variable relating to neurologic recovery?

A

severity of neurologic deficit

50
Q

What is the most powerful preoperative prognostic factor for clinical outcomes with surgical treatment of lumbar stenosis

A

comorbid medial conditions

51
Q

Patients with symptomatic spinal stenosis treated with surgical decompression compared to those treated nonoperatively have what clinical outcomes.

A

improved clinical outcomes in pain and function at 4 years

52
Q

Lhermitte maneuver

A

provocative maneuver flexing neck used in the diagnosis of cervical myelopathy. When it is positive the patient will complain of electric shock-like sensations that radiate down the spine and into the extremities.

53
Q

In adult patients with scoliosis, severity of symptoms correlates with which of the following variables?

A

sagittal imbalance

Boards (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions