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Neurology 1 > Cerebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Basal Nuclei/Ganglia?

A

Group of neuronal cell bodies (grey matter) can be within the brain

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2
Q

Brain grey on surface, white on inside, true or false?

A

True

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3
Q

What is a fissure?

A

A deeper separation of the gyrus/ a deeper sulcus

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4
Q

Layers of meninges?

A

Pia mater (inside) -> Arachnoid mater -> dura mater (most external)

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5
Q

Dip between 2 cerebral hemispheres

A

Median Longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

What connects the 2 erebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus Callosum

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7
Q

What sulcus separates frontal and pareital?

A

Central sulcus

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8
Q

What sulcus separates the frontal from temporal

A

Lateral sulcus

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9
Q

Pre and post central gyrus

A

Hang out around the central sulcus

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10
Q

Where is Cingulte sulcus?

A

In middle of brain like an aora ring above and following the Corpus Callosum

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11
Q

What are frontal,temporal and parietal lobes separated into?

A

Frontal and temporal: Superior, middle and inferior lobules
Parietal = Superior and inferior lobules

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12
Q

What is the transverse temporal gyri?

A

The Top part of the temporal lobe that goes deep and leads to the Insula (inside gyri)

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13
Q

Where is the hipocampus?

A

In coronal section of the brain, it is the basal, medial aspect of the temporal lobe looks more like a curled up snake than a seahorse

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14
Q

What are Brodman areas

A

Areas of the brain which are numbered and differenctiated due to their different histological appearances

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15
Q

Sensory vs motor sections in the head

A

Sensory = behind the central sulcus
Motor = infront of the central sulcus

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16
Q

What is the limbic system and where is it?

A

Medial portions of the cerebral hemisphere, used for storage and retrieval of processed information

17
Q

what are primary and association areas?

A

Primary area is the region in which the hard out information comes in or goes out eg holding pound coin, is round, hard, cold etc. Association area is the part that puts that infomation together to come to conclusions eg - it’s likely to be a pound coin.

18
Q

What is area no. 4?

A

Primary Motor Cortex (Think - we have 4 limbs)

19
Q

What is area 6 and 8?

A

They are the association motor cotexes, so behind the prefrontal cortex and infront of the primary motor cortex. It is the bridge between the cognition and cognitive functions of higher order stemming form the prefrontal cortex, finguoibg out how ot actually do it so it can give the primary motor cotex exact instructions.

eg: prefontal cortex decides I need to jump across a stream to get to the apple tree
Areas 6 and 8 know this means jumping across so gives the instructions ot the specific parts of the primary motor cortex eg bend knees, hips and ankles and contract them all in the right order to produce movement.

20
Q

What is motor homunculus?

A

The representation of out different body parts over the specific part of the primary motor cortex. Remember the creepy monkey guy thing with big hands and face n tongue with the representations of everything, which are spread out linearly across the primary motor cortex

21
Q

What are areas 44/45

A

Broca’s area of motor speech. It is in the frontal lobe (duh) but it is in the association area just infronnt of the corrospoding primary motor cortex for the mouth, tongue and lips (so handy!) (Inferior frontal gyrus)

22
Q

Primary sensory area no.

A

3,1,2 (1,2,3 but we can’t say 1,2,3 for some reason)

23
Q

What is the sensory association area

A

Superior parietal lobule (interpretation and general sensory information and concious awareness of contralateral half of the body)

24
Q

What is important about the inferior parietal lobule

A

Interface between the somatosensory cortex, visual and auditory association areas (global coordination area - touch, sight and hearing).

Dominant hemisphere contributes to language.

25
Q

Parietal lobe lesion can lead to what?

A

Hemisensory neglet: Felling like half of the body isn’t there

26
Q

Primary auditory corex areas

A

41,42

27
Q

Hearing and smell are in whoch lobe

A

Temporal:

Superior Temporal Gyrus = Primary auditory cortex with association areas more posterior

Inferior surface = concious appreciation of smell

28
Q

Where are the auditory association areas

A

Posterior to the primar auditory cortex areas (Areas 41/42)

29
Q

What helps you decipher speach? Where is it?

A

Wernicke’s area (41/42 in dominant hemisphere)

30
Q

Where is the Calcarine fissure? What surrounds it and what can you find there?

A

Divides the Occioital lobe into superior and inferior lobes.

Medial surface of the occipital lobe is the primary visual cortex (Area 17)

The rest is visual association cortex (areas 18 and 19) which are concerned with the interpretation of visual images

31
Q

What are the vision association areas?

A

18, 19

32
Q

Broca’s vs Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Brocas asphasia = difficulty being able to produce the speach you want so will be staccatao short phrases that don’t necessarily mean all that much

Wernicke’s asphasia = non-comprehension of what you are saying so comes out with gobbledygook

33
Q

What are the 3 types of myelinated axon fibres? (White matter)

A

Projection: Body-brain, distribute out information

Association: Lomg/short connections between various cortexes in same hemisphere

Commisural:Coordinates between the hemispheres (R and Left), biggest bundle is the Corpus Callosum

34
Q

What is 3D tractography?

A

A scan using the different densities of the tracts (bundles of myelinated axons) using MRI to visualise short and medium length neural tracts

35
Q

What is the internal capsule? Where is it’s blood supply from?

A

Danger zone for strokes because it has all the motor and sensory fibres going through it to reach the spinal chord.

Supplied by the middle cerebral

36
Q

What are the individual basal ganglia:
C,P,G,L, s

Claire Powell Gets Loose (Sometimes)

A

Caudate
Putamen
Globus Pallidus
Lentiform Nucleus (Putamen and Globus Pallidus)

In transverse section can see the Substantia Nigra

37
Q

What is the Thalamus part of and where is it found?

A

Medially to the internal capsule. Part of diencephalon

38
Q

What does the Caudate Nucleus and the Putamen do?

A

Take in the information from: Thalamus, Motor Cortex and Pre-motor cortex and relays it to the Globus Pallidus and the Substantia Nigra

39
Q

What does the Globus Pallidus and the Substantia Nigra do?

A

They’re the “output regions” and project mainly to the Thalamus (which sends onto the motor area of the cortex)

Neurology 1 (4 decks)

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