CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Question 1

Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

• energy stored in carbohydrates made into energy stored in ATP
• Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Question 2

Glucose

Answer 2

• energy-storing carbohydrate
• approx 686kcal of energy
• one molecule is more than enough for the process

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

• energy-storage molecule
• contains approx. 7.3kcal of energy

Question 4

ATP Structure

Answer 4

Adenosine Triphosphate
- adenine
- ribose sugar (5- carbon sugar)
- 3 phosphate group

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

removal of a phosphate group from ATP
ATP –> ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

Question 6

Phosphorylation

Answer 6

addition of a phosphate group to ADP
ADP –> ATP

Question 7

Covalent Bonds

Answer 7

• Oxygen has a negative charge
• Repel each other
• Repel the electron participating in this bond
• Electron is in a high energy state

Question 8

What is ATP used for

Answer 8

1 - Chemical Work
A. Catabolism
B. Anabolism
2 - Cell Transport
3 - Mechanical

Question 9

NAD+/NADH

Answer 9

electron carrier

Question 10

The equation for Cellular Respiration

Answer 10

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —–> 6CO2 + 6H20 + 38 ATP + heat

Question 11

3 Steps of cellular respiration

Answer 11

1) Glycolysis
2) Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
3) Electron Transport Chain

Question 12

GLYCOLYSIS

Answer 12

• in cytoplasm
• producing items go into MITOCHONDRIA
• anaerobic process (no O2)

Question 13

CITRIC ACID CYCLE

Answer 13

• in the mitochondria matrix
• Aerobic process (O2)

Question 14

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Answer 14

• in the inner membrane of mitochondria
• Aerobic process

Question 15

Glycolysis Equation

Answer 15

C6H12O6 (Glucose) + 2ATP + 2NAD+ ——> 4ATP + 2NADH + 2 Pyruvic acids

Question 16

Prevatory Phase glycolysis

Answer 16

• 2 ATP used
• Begins with Glucose (6C Compound)

Question 17

Generated phase

Answer 17

• 4 ATP made
• 4 NADH made
• End with 2 Pyruvic Acid (3C Compound)
• Pyruvate is transferred to mitochondria

Question 18

Net Gain of ATP in Glycolysis

Answer 18

2 ATP, 4 made 2 used

Question 19

NADH production in Glycolysis

Answer 19

NADH carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain

Question 20

Key event before Krebs Cycle

Answer 20

Pyruvic acid broke down into CO2 in a series of energy-releasing reactions

Question 21

What is the 2ATP made from Glycolysis used for?

Answer 21

• Metabolism
• Mechanical movement
• Active Transport

Question 22

Pyruvic Acid Oxidation

Answer 22

Glucose –> (releases NADH and 2 ATP) —> 2 Pyruvic Acids (get moved to mitochondria) —> NADH —-> Loses CO2 —-> Acetate

• ## One carbon is removed when pyruvic acid forms into acetate

Question 23

CO2 is released…

Answer 23

NADH is made

Question 24

Co-Enzyme

Answer 24

organic molecule that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme

Question 25

Acetyl-CoA

Answer 25

Coenzyme A + Acetate

Question 26

Products of Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 26

1 PA = 1 ATP = 1 FADH2 = 4 NADH = 3 CO2
2 PA = 2 ATP = 2 FADH2 = 8 NADH = 6 CO2

Question 27

What products of the citric acid cycle are transported to ETC?

Answer 27

NADH and FADH2

Question 28

Carbon-based product of glycolysis

Answer 28

Pyruvate

Question 29

What does the mitochondria’s inner membrane contain?

Answer 29

protein carrier complexes which change NADH –> NAD+ and FADH2 –> FAD

FADH2 drops e-s off at a different place than NADH

Question 30

How is energy used along the transport chain?

Answer 30

• Transport protons (H+)
• Active transport: high-energy to low-energy

high concentration - inner membrane
low concentration - outer membrane

Question 31

How do H+ ions diffuse?

Answer 31

ATP synthase

Question 32

What happens during H+ movement

Answer 32

ATP synthase uses energy to attach ADP + Pi = ATP

Question 33

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 33

Loss of e-s from NADH+ and FADH2 supply energy to make ATP

Question 34

Products of ETC

Answer 34

• Each NADH = 3 ATP
• Each FADH2 = 2 ATP
• 8 ATP

36-38 ATP in total