cells structure and function

Question 1

who was the cell theory discover by

Answer 1

Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke.

Question 2

who else also had early studies of the cell theory

Answer 2

Early studies of cells were conducted by:
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
Theodor Schwann (1839)
Rudolf Virchow (1855)

Question 3

what are the 3 components that make up the cell theory

Answer 3

1. All organisms are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest living things.
3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

All cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the first living cells.

Question 4

what are the two types of cells

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cell
without a nucleus or membrane bound structures
eg: bacteria

Eukaryotic cell
a cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane bound structures

Question 5

what doe plant cells and animals cells have in common

Answer 5

Nucleus 
Nucleolus 
DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum 
Mitochondria 
Cell Membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Ribosomes 
Golgi Complex - (Apparatus, Bodies) 
Vesicles (Different types)

Question 6

what doe plant cells have that animals don’t

Answer 6

Cell Walls
Chloroplasts
Large Vacuole

Question 7

function of the nucleus

Answer 7

Most visible organelle in a cell.
Control centre for the cell.
Stores the DNA that has all the “instructions” for the cell to function correctly.
The Nucleolus is a dark spot in the nucleus. It stores the materials that are used to make ribosomes.

Question 8

function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules and flattened sacs that transport materials within cells.

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum prepares proteins to be transported within cell.

The smooth ER has a wide range of functions including carbohydrate and lipid synthesis. In liver cells the smooth ER produces enzymes that help to detoxify certain compounds.

In muscles the smooth ER assists in the contraction of muscle cells, and in brain cells it synthesizes male and female hormones.

Question 9

fiction of the Mitochondria

Answer 9

Organelle surrounded by two membranes.
Breaks down food molecules to make energy for the cell
Has its own DNA, separate from the nucleus and it is passed from the mother to her offspring, RNA.

Question 10

function of the cell membrane

Answer 10

Covers the surface of a cell.
Acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cells’ environment.
Some materials can pass through the cell membrane.

Question 11

function of the cytoplasm

Answer 11

The fluid inside of a cell that surrounds the organelles is the cytosol.
Everything inside the cell except the nucleus is the cytoplasm

Question 12

function of the ribosomes

Answer 12

Small organelles that can be attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum or ‘floating’ in the cytoplasm.
Where proteins are made from amino acids.

Question 13

function of the Golgi complex

Answer 13

Modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell.

Question 14

function of vesicles

Answer 14

Membrane-covered compartment in a cell.

Forms when the part of the cell membrane surrounds a cell and pinches off.

Question 15

function of lysomes

Answer 15

Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign materials.

Question 16

function of plant cell wall

Answer 16

A structure that surrounds the cell membrane of some cells and provides protection, strength and support.

Question 17

function of plants chloroplast

Answer 17

Found in plant and algae cells

Where photosynthesis takes place (turning the sun’s energy into sugar for the plant.)

Question 18

function of plant large vacuole

Answer 18

Most plants have a large, membrane-covered chamber called a vacuole.
Store water and other liquids
Full vacuoles help to support the plant; plants wilt when the vacuole is not full.