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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What components make up a DNA nucleotide?

A

A base, phosphate, and deoxyribose

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2
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

A double helix

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3
Q

1st stage of cell cycle

A 
G1 (growth 1) 
Organelles replicate
Cytoplasm increases in volume
Proteins synthesise
Prepare for DNA replication
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4
Q

2nd stage of cell cycle

A

S (synthesis)

DNA replicates by semi conservative replication

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5
Q

3rd stage of cell cycle

A

G2 (growth 2)
Prepares for mitosis
Checks for any mutations

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6
Q

4th stage of cell cycle

A

Mitosis

Cell splits into two daughter cells

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7
Q

1st phase of mitosis

A

Prophase

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8
Q

2nd phase of mitosis

A

Anaphase
Chromosome line up along centre
Spindle fibres created

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9
Q

3rd phase of mitosis

A

Metaphase
Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibres
Cytoskeleton breaks down

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10
Q

4th phase of mitosis

A

Telophase

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11
Q

What component make up an RNA Nucleotide?

A

A ribose, phosphate and base

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12
Q

What replaces thymine in RNA?

A

Uracil

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13
Q

Which bases are complementary?

A

Thymine and adenine

Cytosine and guamine

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14
Q

Function of plasma membrane

A

Controls which substances go in and out of the cell

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15
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Synthesises proteins

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16
Q

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesises proteins

17
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

Gets rid of unwanted or old organelles

18
Q

Function of Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies, and packages proteins

19
Q

Why is pre-mRNA longer than mRNA?

A

The pre-mRNA is spliced to remove the introns

20
Q

What is a ribosome made of?

A

Protein and RNA

21
Q

What is the structure of glycogen?

A

Polysaccharide

Alpha glucose joined by glycosidic bonds

22
Q

How do bacteria replicate?

A

Binary fission
Where circular DNA replicates
The cytoplasms splits into two daughter cells
And each has one copy of DNA

Biology (7 decks)

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