Cells Flashcards
What are the two types of cells?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
What are eukaryotic cells?
More complex, and include all animal and plant cells.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Smaller and simpler, and include bacteria.
What are eukaryotes?
Organisms made up of eukaryotic cells.
What are prokaryotes?
A prokaryotic cell (it’s a single-celled organism).
What is the nucleus?
Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell. Genetic material is arranged into chromosomes.
What is the cytoplasm?
Gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen.
It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
What is the cell membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
What is mitochondria?
These are where most of the reactions for respiration take place.
Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
What are ribosomes?
These are involved in translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins.
What extra subcellular structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
- Rigid cell wall
- Large vacuole
- Chloroplasts
What is a rigid cell wall?
Made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it.
What is a large vacuole?
Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
It maintains the internal pressure to support the cell.
What are chloroplasts?
These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant.
They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
What subcellular structures do bacterial cells have?
- Chromosomal DNA
- Ribosomes
- Cell membrane
- Plasmid DNA
- Flagellum
