cells Flashcards
what is a eukaryotic cell?
Cells of animals, plants and fungi are called eukaryotic cells.a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
nucleus
directs the activity of the cell and contains the DNA
cytoplasm
where the chemical reactions happen
mitochondria
where the energy is released and contains aerobic respiration
cell membrane
controlled what enters and leaves the cell
cell wall
strengthens and supports the cell only in plant cells
chloroplast
absorbs light energy for photosynthesis only occurs in plant cells
permanent vacuole
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell in the same structure
what are the adaptions of root hair cells?
- the tube-like protrusion provides a greater surface area across which water and mineral ions can be exchanged
- the tube-like protrusion can penetrate between soil particles, reducing the distance across which water and mineral ions must move
- the root hair cell contains lots of mitochondria, which release energy from glucose during respiration in order to provide the energy needed for active transport
what are the adaptions of red blood cells?
they contain haemoglobin - a red protein that combines with oxygen
they have no nucleus so they can contain more haemoglobin
they are small and flexible so that they can fit through narrow blood vessels
they have a biconcave shape (flattened disc shape) to maximise their surface area for oxygen absorption
magnification equation…
magnification=image size ÷ real size
aerobic respiration
glucose+oxygen > carbon dioxide + water +energy
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ –> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
anaerobic respiration (animals)
glucose –> lactic acid + energy
anaerobic respiration (plants)
glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
energy in food (J)
mass of water (g) x temp change (ºC) x 4.2
