Cell structure: chloroplast, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes & vesicles

Question 1

Chloroplast

Answer 1

Green, plastid organelles and found in eukaryotic algae and plants. Process of photosynthesis occurs here.

Question 2

Stroma

Answer 2

Fluid matrix that fills the chloroplast.

Question 3

Lamella

Answer 3

Disc-shaped membranes found in the stroma. (also known as thylakoids)

Question 4

Grana

Answer 4

Small stacks of lamella.

Question 5

Thylakoids

Answer 5

Disc-shaped membranes found in the stroma. (also known as lamella)

Question 6

Chlorophyll

Answer 6

Green pigment embedded in the lamella.

Question 7

Photosynthesis

Answer 7

Energy-rich carbohydrates (glucose) are built up in the chlorophyll-containing parts of the plant. Water, carbon dioxide are required, oxygen is a by-product.

Question 8

Chromoplast

Answer 8

Plastids that occur in different colour pigments (excluding green). Chromoplasts give different colours to flowers, leaves and fruit.

Question 9

Leucoplast

Answer 9

Colourless plastids that become specialised to store food as starch, lipids or proteins.

Question 10

Plastid

Answer 10

Occur only in plant cells. (three types of plastids: chromoplasts, chloroplasts and leucoplasts)

Question 11

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Fine membranous network found in plant and animal cells.

Question 12

Rough ER

Answer 12

Has ribosomes on its surface.

Question 13

Smooth ER

Answer 13

Has no ribosomes on its surface.

Question 14

Golgi body

Answer 14

Plays a roles in producing and processing secretions, prepares proteins for transports to other parts of the cell.

Question 15

Cisternae

Answer 15

Stacks of hollow, flat membrane sacs.

Question 16

Secretions

Answer 16

A movement of material from one point to another, e.g. mucus, saliva.

Question 17

Tonoplast

Answer 17

Selectively permeable membrane.

Question 18

Cell sap

Answer 18

Fluid that fills the tonoplast, made of water and dissolved substances.

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

Small vacuoles that play a role in food digestion.

Question 20

Vesicles

Answer 20

Small vacuoles that transport substances from Golgi body to other parts of the cell.

Question 21

Contractile vacuoles

Answer 21

Found in unicellular animals and play a role in osmoregulation.

Question 22

Food vacuoles

Answer 22

Found in simple animals and play a role in the digestion and storage of food.

Question 23

Centrosome

Answer 23

Play a role in the formation of the spindle during mitosis.

Question 24

Centrioles

Answer 24

Two small cylinder-shaped structures in the centrosome.

Question 25

Osmoregulation

Answer 25

Regulating the cell’s water balance.