Cell structure

Question 1

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

To control what goes in and out of the cell

Question 2

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 2

To support and protect the cell.

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

Contains the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The genetic material controls the structure and activity of the cell.

Question 4

What is the function of the ribosome?

Answer 4

Protein synthesis.

Question 5

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 5

Contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 6

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 6

The site of aerobic respiration. Releases energy from glucose through the process of aerobic respiration.

Question 7

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

The site of many chemical reactions in the cell.

Question 8

Name three differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 8

Plant cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells do not.
Plant cells have chloroplasts, whereas animal cells do not.
Plant cells have permanent vacuoles, whereas animal cells do not.

Question 9

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 9

Controls the water potential of the plant cell by storing cell sap. Enables the plant cell to maintain turgidity.

Question 10

Name four similarities between plant and animal cells.

Answer 10

Plant cells and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells, so both have a nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes.

Question 11

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 11

Bacteria

Question 12

There are four kingdoms under the domain ‘Eukarya’. what are they?

Answer 12

Protists, Fungi, Plant, Animal

Question 13

Describe three differences between an animal cell and a bacterial cell.

Answer 13

Animal cells have a nucleus, whereas bacterial cells do not.
Bacterial cells have a circular chromosome and separate plasmids in the cytoplasm, whereas animal cells have many coiled linear chromosomes enclosed in a nucleus.
Bacterial cells have cell walls, whereas animal cells do not.

Question 14

What is the name for the small free floating rings of DNA found in bacterial cells.

Answer 14

plasmids

Question 15

Describe three differences between plant cells and bacterial cells.

Answer 15

Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant cells.
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, bacterial cell walls are not made of cellulose.
Plant cells have membrane-bound organelles, bacterial cells do not.

Question 16

Name two features of a bacterial cell that are not found in Eukaryotic cells.

Answer 16

slimy capsule, plasmid DNA