cell size structure and function

Question 1

what are the two types of cells

Answer 1

prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell

Question 2

what is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cell
without a nucleus or membrane bound structures
eg: bacteria

Question 3

what is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cell

a cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane bound structures

Question 4

what are cells

Answer 4

cells are the basic structural and functional units of life, and all living organisms are built of one or more cells.

Question 5

how big are cells

Answer 5

cells are microscopic

Question 6

do all cells have a fixed shape

Answer 6

not all cells have a fixed shape, some cells are able to move actively. these self propelled cells do not have fixed shapes because their outer boundary is their flexible plasma membrane

Question 7

what are some examples of cells capable of active self propelled movement

Answer 7

cancer cells that migrate into capillaries and move around the body when a malignant tumour undergoes metastasis

white blood cells that can squeeze from capillaries into the surrounding tissues where they travel to attack infections

Question 8

what does plant cells and animals cells have in common

Answer 8

Nucleus 
Nucleolus 
DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum 
Mitochondria 
Cell Membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Ribosomes 
Golgi Complex - (Apparatus, Bodies) 
Vesicles (Different types)

Question 9

what doe plant cells have that animals don’t

Answer 9

Cell Walls
Chloroplasts
Large Vacuole

Question 10

function of the nucleus

Answer 10

Most visible organelle in a cell.
Control centre for the cell.
Stores the DNA that has all the “instructions” for the cell to function correctly.

Question 11

function of the nucleolus

Answer 11

The Nucleolus is a dark spot in the nucleus. It stores the materials that are used to make ribosomes.

Question 12

function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 12

Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules and flattened sacs that transport materials within cells.

Question 13

function of the ROUGH ER

Answer 13

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum prepares proteins to be transported within cell.

Question 14

function of the SMOOTH ER

Answer 14

The smooth ER has a wide range of functions including carbohydrate and lipid synthesis. In liver cells the smooth ER produces enzymes that help to detoxify certain compounds.

In muscles the smooth ER assists in the contraction of muscle cells, and in brain cells it synthesizes male and female hormones

Question 15

function of the Mitochondria

Answer 15

Organelle surrounded by two membranes.
Breaks down food molecules to make energy for the cell
Has its own DNA, separate from the nucleus and it is passed from the mother to her offspring, RNA.

Question 16

function of the cell membrane

Answer 16

Covers the surface of a cell.
Acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cells’ environment.
Some materials can pass through the cell membrane.

Question 17

function of the cytoplasm

Answer 17

The fluid inside of a cell that surrounds the organelles is the cytosol.
Everything inside the cell except the nucleus is the cytoplasm

Question 18

function of the ribosomes

Answer 18

Small organelles that can be attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum or ‘floating’ in the cytoplasm.
Where proteins are made from amino acids.

Question 19

function of the Golgi complex

Answer 19

Modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell.

Question 20

function of vesicles

Answer 20

Membrane-covered compartment in a cell.

Forms when the part of the cell membrane surrounds a cell and pinches off.

Question 21

function of lysomes

Answer 21

Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign materials.

Question 22

function of plants chloroplast

Answer 22

Found in plant and algae cells

Where photosynthesis takes place (turning the sun’s energy into sugar for the plant.)

Question 23

function of plant large vacuole

Answer 23

Most plants have a large, membrane-covered chamber called a vacuole.
Store water and other liquids
Full vacuoles help to support the plant; plants wilt when the vacuole is not full.